Behaviorist Theorists
What was Edward Lee Thorndike known for ?
His law of effect
What was Edward L. Thorndike's impact of children's development?
He shaped how children learn from consequences and practice
Critics argue this approach focuses on surface behavior and fails to address which underlying causes?
Trauma and stress
What behaviorist techniques do teachers use to manage classrooms and encourage positive behaviors?
Praise, Reward and Incentive programs
How does this theory argue that behaviors are learned?
through interactions with the environment
What did John B. Watson emphasize the study of ?
observable behavior over internal mental processes
What side of the nature-nurture debate did John B. Watson's champion for?
Classical behaviorism is criticized for focusing exclusively on?
observable behaviors and external stimuli
What are some examples of a teachers positive reinforcement?
Giving stickers, praise, extra recess, or good grades for correct answers or desired behaviors.
What does this theory study ?
B.F. Skinner developed a concept that explains how behavior is learned through reinforcement and punishment what is this concept called?
operant conditioning
What was B.F. Skinner's significant impact on children's social and cognitive development ?
Skinner argued that behaviors are learned through reinforcement (positive and negative) and punishment, which shape a child's actions
Critics argue that what undermines intrinsic motivation and long-term engagement in learning and development.
Heavy reliance on external rewards because it leads to a dependency where individuals only perform a task for the reward.
What are some common behaviorist techniques used in the classroom?
drills, repetition, and reward systems for classroom management, skill acquisition, and promoting positive school climates
What does this theory believe is not appealed to?
thoughts and feelings
What does the law of effect state?
That behaviors followed by positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated, while those with negative outcomes are less likely to occur
What was John B. Watson's impact on children's development?
He believed that children's development is shaped entirely by their environment and that behaviors are learned through classical and operant conditioning
What type of approach does behavioral theory assume?
"one-size-fits-all"
What is a disadvantage of behaviorism in the classroom ?
Can lead to shallow learning (memorization without understanding), may not address root causes of behavior, and can diminish intrinsic motivation.
What increases or decreases the likelihood of a behavior recurring?
reward and punishment
Who did an experiment named "Little Albert" ?
John B. Watson
What was B.F Skinner's focus on environmental influences and consequences, primarily through ?
Operant Conditioning
What therapy based on behaviorist principles, has been met with criticism from autism advocates?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
How do teachers apply behaviorism?
Setting clear expectations, breaking down complex tasks, and providing positive reinforcement (like praise, awards, or grades) for desired actions, while consequences discourage undesirable ones
What are the two focuses in this theory that shape behavior?
conditioning and environmental stimuli