Classical Conditioning
Not trained or taught, naturally occurring
What is Unconditioned
Embarrassing a student for giving a wrong answer.
What is positive punishment
In Pavlov's Dog experiment, the bell after being paired with the food becomes what kind of stimulus?
Conditioned Stimulus. Before the food (unconditioned stimulus) was paired with the bell, the bell was a neutral stimulus, as the bell without the presence of food did not generate a response from the dog. After pairing the bell with the food, the dog began to salivate at the sound of the bell.
a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience.
What is Learning
Reinforcement is delivered at predictable time intervals (Example: Receiving a paycheck every Friday)
What is Fixed Interval Schedule
The initial period of learning when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
What is Acquisition
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes.
What is the CS
I get a chicken sandwich at a sketchy gas station. After, I get horrible food poisoning and spend an entire night vomiting. Now I cannot eat chicken sandwiches at all. What kind of conditioning did I experience?
Conditioned Taste Aversion.
Founder of Behaviorism; Conducted the controversial "Little Albert Experiment"
Who is Watson
Punishment is when something is added in the consequence in order to discourage behavior
What is a Positive punishment
The Conditioned Stimulus in the story of Pavlov's Dogs
What is the Bell
Taking an aspirin to relieve a headache
Is what type of conditioning?
When I first started potty training my dog, I praised her and gave her a treat every time she went for about a week. After a week, I stopped praising her and giving her treats. Now she goes in the house again. Which component of conditioning is this?
Extinction. Extinction is the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency.
Having no effect
Neutral
________Reinforcement is when something is taken in the consequence in order to encourage a behavior
What is Negative Reinforcement
Something that initiates or elicits a response
What is a stimulus
A child begins to cry and yell in a grocery store because he/she doesn't have candy that they wanted. The mother, embarrassed at the noise, gives the child the candy, and the child stops crying. The next time the mother and child go to the store, the same situation happens. What kind of reinforcement toward the child is the mother demonstrating?
Positive reinforcement
Breaking behaviors down into many small, achievable steps in order to teach a complex process
What is shaping
Conditioning occurs due to associating or connecting two stimuli or events that occur together
What is Classical Conditioning
Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses (Example: While playing a slot machine, a person might win after 7 tries, then 29 tries, then 11 tries, etc.)
What is Variable Ratio schedule
Stimulus ______________ is when an organism demonstrates the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. (This was seen in the story of Little Albert when Albert began to fear all furry things and animals after being conditioned to fear a rat).
What is generalization
Getting a small increase in your hourly wage every 6 months.
Which reinforcement schedule is this?
An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate.
This is an example of what type of conditioning?
Embarrassing a student for giving a wrong answer.
This is an example of what type of conditioning?
In order to be able to punish your cat when you’re not near enough to reach him, you have paired the sound of a clicker with getting squirted with water. Now the sound of the clicker causes him to startle.
What is the CS?