Definition
What is Behaviorism?
Who are the main influences of behaviorist psychology? ( 4 people)
1) Ivan Pavlov
2) Edward Lee Thorndike
3) John B. Watson
4) B. F. Skinner
What Pavlov helped the field of psychology understand?
Pavlov’s findings support the idea that we develop responses to certain stimuli that are not naturally occurring.
What did Thorndike discover through his experiment?
Most animals had difficulty escaping at first, then began to escape faster and faster with each successive puzzle box trial and eventually levelled off in their escape times.
The learning curve also suggested that different species learned in the same way but at different speeds.
What is Operant Conditioning?
how an organism operates on the environment or how it responds to what is presented to it in the environment
What is Epistemology?
The study of knowledge
He accidentally discovered Classical Conditioning.
Pavlov
Discovered classical conditioning accidentally while doing research on the digestive patterns in dogs.
The view that psychology should focus it efforts on studying observable behaviors not mental processes.
Behaviorism
What is the most well-known John B. Watson's experiment?
Little Albert
how classical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response.
How Classical Conditioning would differ from Operant Conditioning?
Where classical conditioning conditions people and animals to make involuntary associations (bell = saliva), operant conditioning is the process of making it more or less likely that a person or animal will enact a voluntary behavior
What is Ontology?
The study of being or the study of reality
Who is John B. Watson?
Rejected introspective methods and sought to restrict psychology to experimental methods
What was Edward Lee Thorndike theory of learning?
Introduced the concept of reinforcement & was the 1st to apply psychological principles to learning
What did B.F Skinner invent?
Invented the “operant conditioning chamber” or the “Skinner box”
Classical vs Operant
In a weight management class, participants earn points for every healthy meal they eat and every period of exercise they complete. Later these points result in refunds of their class fees.
Operant Conditioning! The behaviors being conditioned here are healthy eating and regular exercise. The reinforcement is the refund of the fees. So this too is Operant conditioning. The points are a version of a token system since they are exchanged for the refunds later.
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a fear of cats) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. What is the CS?
Who is B. F. Skinner?
Introduces “radical behaviorism” and focuses on operant conditioning
He understands the way we think, feel, and perceive as being conditioned into over time us through external stimuli. Everything is behavior.
A form of learning whereby a new, involuntary response is acuired as a result of two stimuli being presented at the same time.
Pavlov spent much of his time studying us, he made our mouths water.
Pavolov's dog
What is Boolean Searching?
Boolean searches allow you to combine words and phrases using the words AND, OR, NOT (known as Boolean operators) to limit, broaden, or define your search.
Think about Classical Conditioning for Pavlov dog experiment. What are,,
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Meat Powder
Unconditioned Response (UCR) - Salivation in response to meat powder
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Bell
Conditioned Response (CR) - Salivation in response to bell
Who am I?
I fear soft, white things, thanks to the fact that I was classically conditioned with a rat and loud noises by Watson.
Little Albert
What is classical conditioning?
A form of learning whereby a new, involuntary response is acuired as a result of two stimuli being presented at the same time.
What is Pavlov's dog experiment?
Pavlov demonstrated salivation in dogs through a series of experiments where he paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of food. Over time, the dogs began to associate the bell with food and would start to salivate at the sound of the bell, even when no food was presented.
What do you like about this class?
:)