Classical Conditioning
Terminology
Say What?
Operant Conditioning
Social Cognitive Theory
100
An object or event that causes an instinctive or reflex (unlearned) emotional or physiological response (i.e. flunking a test or quiz)
What is Unconditioned stimulus?
100
The key to learning in classical conditioning
What is association?
100
Russian scientist who originally discovered classical conditioning while investigating salivation in dogs.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
100
The most influential figure in operant conditioning.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
100
Theory of learning that focuses on changes in behavior that result from observing others
What is Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)?
200
The instinctive or reflexive (unlearned) physiological or emotional response caused by the unconditioned stimulus (i.e. test anxiety)
What is Unconditioned response?
200
The process that occurs when stimuli similar, but not identical, to a conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned responses by themselves (i.e. math test being similar to chemistry test and both producing anxiety)
What is generalization?
200
An event (stimulus) that occurs following a behavior that influences the probability of the behavior recurring
What is a Consequence?
200
A behaviorist form of learning that occurs when an observable behavior changes in frequency or duration as the result of a consequence
What is Operant conditioning?
200
Central to social cognitive theory – reinforcement changes behaviors only when learners know what behaviors are being reinforced
What is the Role of expectations?
300
A formerly neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (i.e. associating test with failure)
What is Conditioned stimulus?
300
The process that occurs when a person gives different responses to related but not identical stimuli - opposite of generalization (i.e. history test does not cause anxiety, but math test does)
What is discrimination?
300
The process of increasing the frequency or duration of a behavior as the result of presenting a reinforcer
What is Positive reinforcement?
300
The process of systematically implementing the principles of operant conditioning to change student behavior
What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?
300
*Model desirable behaviors for students *Place students in modeling roles, and use cognitive modeling to share their strategies *Capitalize on the effects of modeling and on the processes involved in modeling to promote learning *Use guest role models
What is using Social Cognitive Theory to increase student learning?
400
An object or event that does not initially impact behavior one way or the other (i.e. test originally having no impact)
What is Neutral stimulus?
400
A theory that explains learning in terms of observable behaviors and how they are influenced by stimuli from the environment
What is Behaviorism?
400
The process of increasing behavior by removing or avoiding and adverse stimulus
What is Negative reinforcement?
400
The disappearance of a behavior as a result of nonreinforcement
What is Extinction?
400
General term that refers to behavioral, cognitive, and affective changes deriving from observing the actions of others
What is Modeling?
500
A learned physiological or emotional response that is similar to the unconditioned response (i.e. associating tests with failure)
What is Conditioned response?
500
A relatively enduring change in observable behavior that occurs as a result of experience
What is learning?
500
*continuous – praise everything *fixed ratio – receives enforcers predictably *variable ratio – students raise hands and are called on randomly *fixed interval – quiz every Friday *variable interval – unannounced quiz
What are Reinforcement schedules?
500
Consequences that weaken behaviors or decrease the likelihood of the behaviors recurring
What are punishers?
500
*Learning new behaviors *Facilitating existing behaviors *Changing inhibitions *Arousing emotions
What are Outcomes of modeling?
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