Classical Conditioning
Considered the pioneer of Classical Conditioning theory
Ivan Pavlov
Considered the pioneer of operant conditioning theory
B.F. Skinner
He believed that human development continues throughout the lifespan and all humans pass through 8 different stages
Erik Erikson
He believed that all human beings learn by passing through 4 different stages of cognitive development
Jean Piaget
The experiment with Harry Harlow and the monkeys prove what about humans?
we need human touch to survive
What is a conditioned response?
a response that has been learned
Claire has her car taken away for getting poor grades on her semester grade report. What kind of punishment is this?
Negative Punishment
According to Erikson, what is the major conflict faced during adolescence?
identity vs. confusion
What is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development?
sensorimotor
Which perspective is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
cognitive
Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?
the electric can opener
Billy tells a joke at the lunch table and gets a big laugh from his friends. What kind of reinforcement is this?
The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with:
trust vs mistrust
In the context of developmental psychology,what concept refers to the ability to understand that a quantity remains the same despite changes in its appearance or arrangement.
conservation
According to the behaviorist perspective, psychological science should be rooted in what?
observation
unconditioned
Tony is 18 months old. He reaches up to touch the red burner on the stove and burns his hand. What is this an example of ?
positive punishment
Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behavior?
autonomy vs doubt
Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of:
egocentrism
He stressed the importance of observation and imitation in learning. His research included studying children with a Bobo doll.
Albert Bandura
When Becca was a kid, she fell out of a treehouse and broke her arm. Now, she feels scared of heights. In this scenario, which of the following is the unconditioned response ?
breaking an arm
Benji does not have to do his chores because he got straight A’s on his report card. What is this an example of?
Negative reinforcement
Ethel, who is 80 years old, lost her husband last year, and her children hardly ever come to visit. She looks back on her life with a lot of regret. According to Erik Erikson she is experiencing:
despair
An infant who knows that an object, such as a rattle, exists even if it is not in view, has developed what?
object permanence
Harry Harlow’s experiments with rhesus monkeys suggest which of the following as most important for infants when establishing an attachment to their mothers?
The tactile characteristics of the mother