Guess who
The leader of the American civil rights movement. Led many peaceful protests, including the March On Washington. At the March On Washington he delivered his speech "I Have a Dream".
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means.
Segregation
August 28, 1963
Hint: "I have a dream"
March On Washington
A massive protest. 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have a Dream” speech.
March On Washington
An advocate for human, civil rights for African Americans and Asians, expanded roles for women in the workplace, and rights for WWII refugees. She was a prolific author, speaker, first lady, and humanitarian, and chaired the United Nations’ Human Rights Commission.
Eleanor Roosevelt
A lawyer, politician, and activist. Was an activist leader for the movement against the British rule of India. Many of his protests were nonviolent. His nonviolent protests inspired many civil rights activists, the most famous one being Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Mahatma Gandhi
Withdrawal from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest.
Boycott
December 1, 1955
Hint: Bus
The day Rosa Parks was arrested
A 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
A Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate at the age of 17. She is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, the second Pakistani and the first Pashtun to receive a Nobel Prize. She is a human rights advocate for the education of women and children in her native homeland. Her advocacy has grown into an international movement, and according to former Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, she has become Pakistan's "most prominent citizen."
Malala Yousafzai
An activist. Fought for many causes including, racial equality, workers' rights, and gay rights. He also supported socialism. He worked with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. His most notable contribution is planning the March On Washington.
Bayard Rustin
Is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. Also called civil resistance.
Nonviolent protests/resistance
December 5, 1955 - December 20, 1956
Hint: Started because Rosa Parks was arrested
Montgomery Bus Boycott
In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the "separate but equal" principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case.
Brown v. Board of Education
Introduced at the March on Washington as "the acknowledged champion of civil rights in America,". He headed the oldest and largest of the civil rights organizations. The NAACP, founded in 1909, aimed to achieve by peaceful and lawful means equal rights for all Americans. He remained a moderate but insistent voice for progressive action, with a direct line to the White House.
Roy Wilkins
An activist and retired nurse aid. At 15 years old she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white person, 9 months before Rosa Parks.
Claudette Colvin
A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Bayard Rustin supported this.
Socialism
May 17, 1954
Hint: Education
The day Brown v. Board of Education was ruled a violation of the 14th amendment
Was a major nonviolent protest action in India. It was directed against the British government’s tax on salt, which greatly affected the poorest Indians. One of the most successful campaigns in Gandhi’s struggle against British rule in India.
Salt March
Committed to nonviolent action. In 1960, he participated in the first mass lunch counter sit-ins in Nashville. As a Freedom Rider, he was badly beaten by a white mob in Montgomery. In 1963, at age 23, he became chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
John Lewis
An activist, advocate, legal scholar, theorist, author and an Episcopal priest. The first African American to graduate with a J.S.D from Yale university. She co-founded the National Organization for Women. She was arrested for sitting in the white section of a bus. She was also the first person to teach African American and Women's studies at Brandeis University.
Pauli Murray
A philosophy that focuses on living a philosophy of truth and nonviolence. Created by Mahatma Gandhi.
Gandhian Philosophy
March 2, 1955
Hint: Bus
A civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter and refused to leave after being denied service. This movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. Though many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate and lasting impact, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies.
Greensboro Sit-In
Established the nation’s first black labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He pressured President Roosevelt in 1942 to end discrimination in wartime industries and President Truman in 1948 to order desegregation of the armed forces. He proposed a March on Washington for jobs and freedom. His gift for evoking the best impulses in people helped the other civil rights leaders set aside personal rivalries and join together to plan the greatest peaceful demonstration in American history.
A. Philip Randolph