Polysaccharides (starch) and monosaccharides (sugar) are examples of what type of macromolecule?
Carbohydrate (provides energy for living things)
100
What do you call a group of cells all performing the same specialized function?
Tissues (a-choo!)
100
What gas do plants give off as a product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
100
What effect do depressants have on the nervous system?
Slow down transmission of neurotransmitters/messages across synapse and thereby slow reflexes, impair judgement, and disrupt coordination
100
What do valves do in your circulatory system?
Prevent backward flow of blood
200
Are atoms destroyed, created, or rearranged in a chemical reaction?
Rearranged
200
Name one similarity and one difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane.
Both protect/surround the cell but the cell wall only exists in plant cells to support it in the absence of a skeletal structure.
200
In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
200
Name the two different muscle filaments and explain how they move in relation to each other.
Actin (thin filament) and Myosin (thick filament) slide over each other to make muscles contract
200
How do the blood vessels of the circulatory system: arteries, capillaries, and veins differ?
Arteries - carry blood away from heart, Veins - carry blood towards heart, Capillaries - smallest blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occur
300
What kinds of nutrients recycle in ecosystems?
Nitrogen, carbon, water
300
What are the two big categories of how molecules move through a membrane?
Passive Transport (Osmosis and Diffusion) vs. Active Transport
300
Which organelle contains enzymes (molecules that speed up reactions) that cells use to break down food into smaller particles?
Lysosomes
300
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
Dendrite, cell body, axon
300
What are four main parts of blood?
Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
400
Rank populations, species, and communities in order of smallest division to largest division.
Species - populations - communities
400
Name five organelles and explain what they do.
Cytoskeleton - keep cell's shape
Ribsomes - make proteins
Mitochondria and chloroplasts - provide cells with energy
Nucleus - contains DNA (code for proteins) : not present in prokaryotic cells like bacteria
Endoplasmic reticulum - transport system for different macromolecules such as proteins
Golgi apparatus (body) - packages and sends out macromolecules like proteins
400
What are the first and last steps of the cellular respiration process?
First = glycolysis, Last = electron transport, Second = Krebs Cycle
400
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that comes through the pupil?
Iris (made of smooth muscle)
400
How does oxygen enter your lungs and eventually diffuse into the circulatory system?
Diaphragm contracts to bring air inside lungs. High concentration of oxygen in alveoli causes diffusion of oxygen into the blood cells in the capillaries.
500
How do sulfur bacteria near a deep-sea volcanic vent sustain the ecosystem?
They use chemosynthesis to produce their own food (carbohydrates). Deep sea organisms eat these bacteria for food and use the oxygen they give off as a byproduct.
500
What will an animal cell do if it is placed in a hypertonic solution?
It will shrink because the water inside the cell will leave to decrease the solute concentration outside the cell.
500
What is the equation for cellular respiration? (2 reactants, 2 products plus what is released when bonds are broken - common names ok)
C6H12O6 (sugar/glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen) = 6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6 H2O (water) + ATP (energy)
500
Name the three different kinds of muscles and explain the difference between them.
Skeletal - moves your bones, Smooth - contracts involuntarily in digestive and circulatory systems, Cardiac - makes heart beat continuously
500
Name at least six parts of the circulatory system in the order in which blood moves through them.
Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - LUNGS - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - BODY - superior/inferior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle- (and so on...)