Energy and Waves
Energy associated with the motion of an object
What is kinetic energy?
The theory that Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move on the semi-fluid asthenosphere
What is plate tectonics?
Name 5 Human Activities that have a direct effect on Earth's systems
Overfishing, Pollution, Deforestation, Farming, Construction
Name 2 pieces of evidence best supports the Big Bang Theo
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB)
Redshift of Galaxies
Major effect of increased greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere?
What is global warming?
The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from different forms
What is the Conservation of Energy?
The zone of life on Earth, including land, water, and atmosphere
What is the biosphere?
Major environmental consequence of overfishing as it affects the biosphere
Disruption of marine food chains and ecosystems
Name the process of the life cycle of a low-mass star (like the Sun)
Nebula> Protostar> Main Sequence> Red Giant> Planetary Nebula> white dwarf/black dwarf
A primary process through which carbon moves from the atmosphere to the biosphere
What is photosynthesis?
Name 2 types of waves and the differences between them.
Transverse Waves and Longitudinal Waves
Transverse: perpendicular; crest/trough
Longitudinal: parallel; compression/rarefaction
All the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater
What is the hydrosphere?
Name two solutions for Pollution Reduction (air, water, land)
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectrical
Recycling and Composting-switch to biodegradable materials
Reduce vehicle emissions
Sustainable Agriculture- organic farming methods, crop rotation, reducing pesticide use
Name the process of the life cycle of a high-mass star
Nebula> Protostar> Main Sequence> Red Super Giant> Supernova> Neutron Star or Black Hole
property of water that plays a key role in stabilizing Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing heat
What is water's high specific heat capacity?
Name 4 Wave Properties and what they mean/represent?
Amplitude - the height of a wave from its rest position, related to energy and intensity
Frequency - the number of complete wave cycles that pass a point per unit of time
Wavelength - the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave
Wavespeed - distance the wave travels in a given amount of time, such as the number of meters it travels per second (m/s)
Name two pieces of evidence support the theory of plate tectonics
Matching fossils on different continents and the shape of Earth’s continents
Name the human activity most responsible for increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
What is Deforestation?
The orbital period of a planet is related to its distance from the Sun
What is Kepler's Third Law?
The trapping of heat by certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere, contributing to global warming
What is The Greenhouse Effect?
How is frequency related to wavelength?
If the frequency of a wave is 5 Hz, and its wavelength is 2 meters. What is the speed of the wave?
If the frequency of a wave increases, wavelength decreases
10 m/s
The movement of molten rock within the Earth's mantle that drives plate movement
What are convection currents?
Harmful gases (e.g., CO2, NOx) released from factories and vehicles into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and health problems.
What is air pollution?
If a planet is located 2 AU from the Sun, what would be its orbital period?
2.8 years
√8
Why is water's property of density crucial for the biosphere?
As water freezes, it becomes less dense, which allows it to rise and act as a barrier, in order to preserve aquatic life from freezing temps.