Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Category 5
100
______ is a diagram or a chart that is composed of many different clades or branches describing the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
a. dichotomous key
b. cladogram
c. taxonomy
d. cladistics
100
A__________ is a series of questions ordered in pairs that help the user to identify an unknown living organism.
a. cladistics
b. taxonomy
c. dichotomous key
d. cladogram
100
How many kingdoms are living things classified into?
6
100
The broadest level of classification is the ______________.
domain
100
Members of the same _____________can reproduce and result in ____________offspring.
a. species, many
b. family, fertile
c. species, fertile
d. family, many
200
Organisms in the Archaea domain have ______________cells.
prokaryotic
200
Organisms which have chromosomes enclosed with a ______________envelope and ______________bound organelles belong to the ______________domain.
a. nuclear, protein, Bacteria
b. nuclear, membrane, Eukarya
c. membrane, nuclear, Bacteria
d. membrane, nuclear, Eukarya
200
The ______________kingdom includes protozoa, algae and slime molds.
protista
200
The system for naming living organisms with Latin names consisting of two parts.__________________________
binomial nomenclature
200
A group of related classes. _________________
phylum
300
A group of related species. ________________
genus
300
Which cell shape in the above figure is called a coccus?
c
300
Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they
a. undergo conjugation
b. can switch between respiration and fermentation
c. break down nutrients in dead matter
d. carry out photosynthesis
300
Bacteria that cause disease are called
pathogens
300
Bacilli, cocci, and spirilla are
shapes of bacteria or shapes of prokaryotic cells
400
Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
a. botulism
b. measles
c. AIDS
d. polio
a, botulism
400
Many microbiologists oppose the use of antibiotics in patients with viral infections. They claim that antibiotics will not help the patient, because a virus does not carry out any of the life processes that antibiotics interrupt. Such overuse of antibiotics encourages the proliferation of resistant strains of bacteria. How does using an antibiotic promote the proliferation of resistant strains of bacteria?
a. A virus is more effective at reproducing when there is an antibiotic.
b. Mutated bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic will be naturally selected.
c. Antibiotics cause some bacteria to change into more dangerous bacteria.
d. Antibiotics weaken the immune system which helps bacterial reproduction.
b. Mutated bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic will be naturally selected.
400
a. injecting its DNA
b. withdrawing DNA
c. injecting its capsid
d. withdrawing proteins
a. injecting its DNA
400
Arrange the steps in the replication process of the retrovirus in the correct order.
1. DNA is made from viral RNA
2. Host cell and provirus reproduce; new virus forms
3. Virus enters cell
4. Viral DNA (provirus) integrates into host cell’s chromosomes
3, Virus enters cell
4, Viral DNA (provirus) integrates into host cell’s chromosomes
1, DNA is made from viral RNA
2, Host cell and provirus reproduce; new virus forms
400
Which of the following differentiates viruses from bacteria?
a. Viruses need cells in order to replicate, bacteria do not
b. Viruses attack vital organs whereas bacteria primarily infect the blood
c. Viruses tend to be much bigger than bacteria
d. all of the above
Viruses need cells in order to replicate, bacteria do not
500
A person is infected by HIV, and the virus does not mutate while in the person’s body. Why would that person not likely experience immune system failure?
a. HIV must mutate before entering the human body.
b. Only after HIV mutates does it infect T cells and destroy the immune system.
c. Only mutant HIV can be picked up by the body’s macrophages.
d. The immune system fails only when the person is infected with a cold virus.
c. Only mutant HIV can be picked up by the body’s macrophages.
500
Which of these must infect a living host to reproduce?
bacteria or virus
virus
500
When provided the proper nutrients, which of these can grow and reproduce on their own without a living host?
virus or bacteria
bacteria
500
What is the process of heating something for a specific length of time at a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria?
a. pasteurization
b. digestion
c. reproduction
d. boiling
a. pasteurization
500
What are three foods that have been made using bacteria?
Any three of these: cheese, buttermilk, pickles, vinegar, yogurt, sour cream, or sauerkraut