Central Ideas (R.2.2)
The central idea of a text.
What is the main message or point the author wants to convey?
How can photographs in a text support the reader's understanding?
Photographs can provide visual evidence and context to the topic or central idea of a passage. They help reader's see what the text describes, making the information clearer or more memorable.
Claim
A statement or opinion that the author wants to prove.
How can an author's diction influence the tone or purpose of a text?
Words with positive or negative connotations can make the tone feel angry, happy, comical, or serious.
Certain vocabulary can also add to credibility if scientific terms are used or words from specific roles or fields.
Slang or informal language can make the writer seem less serious or credible.
What are context clues and how do they help you determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word?
Context clues are hints surrounding the text. These can include definitions, examples, or descriptions, in the sentence.
Why is it important to look at how a central idea is developed across an entire text?
To understand the full argument or message the author wants to communicate.
What is the purpose of this section of a text:
"Solar Energy"
Solar panels use sunlight to create electricity. A diagram shows how the parts work together to make energy for homes and buildings.
The purpose of this section is to explain how solar panels work and how they create electricity using sunlight.
Reasoning explains why the evidence matters, making the argument stronger and more logical.
How does an author's use of imagery, along with diction and syntax, create an impact on the reader?
Imagery and vivid word choice (diction) and purposeful sentence structure (syntax), helps the reader visualize scenes and feel emotions.
For example, descriptive words and short sentences can make a moment feel tense or urgent while longer, flowing sentences might create a calm or reflective tone.
Trains, buses, and cars are all examples of transportation used to carry people and goods across long distances.
The word transportation comes from the Latin root Port meaning "to carry" and the prefix trans-, meaning "across".
What is the best definition of transportation?
The act of carrying or moving something across from one place to another.
The difference between the central idea and supporting details.
The central idea is the overall message, while supporting details explain or prove the central idea.
The purpose of a problem and solution text structure.
To help the reader understand the issue and how it can be resolved.
Deductive VS. Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning starts with a general idea and applies it to specifics, while inductive reasoning starts with specifics to reach a general conclusion.
Why might an author use complex sentences with detailed descriptions in a text?
To create a formal tone, add depth to the content, or emphasize a sophisticated idea.
The word replica comes from the Latin prefix re-, meaning "again," and the root plic meaning "to fold or copy"
The museum displayed a replica of a dinosaur skeleton so visitors could see what it looked like without damaging the original.
What is the best meaning of the word replica?
How might two central ideas in the SAME text be developed differently?
One might use anecdotes or personal stories, while the other uses facts and descriptions.
The purpose for chronological text structure.
To show how events unfold over time or to emphasize the order of events.
Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy in an argument?
A. Using evidence from credible sources to support a claim.
B. Assuming something is true because "everyone says it is".
C. Drawing a conclusion based on facts and observations.
D. Explaining reasoning with clear logical connections.
How can varying sentence lengths within a paragraph influence the reader's experience?
It can create rhythm that keeps the reader engaged. Short sentences can add emphasis or urgency, while longer sentences provide detailed explanations or slow the pace to make the reader reflect.
The speaker will address the audience about the importance of recycling, explaining why it benefits the environment.
What does address mean in this context?
Address means to speak to or focus on specific topic or issues.
Ways that two authors can develop the same central idea.
How do individual text sections of a text help to convey the author's purpose?
They organize the information in a way that makes the purpose clear, like sing examples, explanations, or comparisons.
Explain how an author could use ABDUCTIVE reasoning to develop an argument that recycling reduces environmental harm. Include an example and explain why this reasoning might or might not be effective.
An author could use abductive reasoning starting with incomplete evidence, such as observing cleaner streets in a community that started recycling and GUESSING that recycling reduces environmental harm. This reasoning helps form ideas, but might not be fully effective because it is based on incomplete evidence.
An author writes "The clock ticked. Seconds stretched into minutes. Time seemed endless, yet each moment carried weight."
How does the diction and syntax in this example shape the tone of the text?
Th short fragmented sentences reflect a feeling of tension or anticipation, while the diction (words like "endless" and "weight") creates a heavy reflective tone. Together they emphasize the slow impactful passing of time.
The benevolent woman donated food and clothes to the local shelter, always wishing to help those in need.
What is the meaning of the word benevolent?
Kind or wishing to do good for others.