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In 1215, English barons rebelled and forced King John to agree to this document, limiting his power as an absolute monarch while advocating the rule of law and individual rights
What is the Magna Carta?
This person was the Monarch of the German Empire from 1888, all the way up to his forced abdication in 1918 near the end of WW1.
Who is Kaiser Wilhelm II?
Built by King Louis XIV of France, this palace became the seat of the French royal court and government in 1682. becoming the symbol of absolute monarchy.
What is the Palace of Versailles?
This person was a Venetian explorer, merchant, and writer who became one of the most famous travelers of the Middle Ages.
Who is Marco Polo?
Fascist, Spanish military general and dictator who ruled Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975.
Who is Francisco Franco?
This British Prime Minister served from 1937 to 1940, and was best known for his policy of appeasement towards Germany in the years leading up to World War II.
Who is Neville Chamberlain?
This document was written by Martin Luther in 1517, which criticized certain practices of the Catholic Chruch, particularly the sale of indulgences. This act is widely considered the starting point of the Protestant Reformation.
What are the 95 Theses?
Born in 1412, this person was a French heroine and military leader during the Hundred Years' War. She is famous for inspiring the French army to several key victories, like the Battle of Orleans, and for her martyrdom.
Who is Joan of Arc?
This family was one of the most powerful and influential families in Renaissance Italy, particularly in Florence. They were famous bankers, politicians, and patrons of the arts, helping to shape European culture and politics from the 14th to the 17th century.
What is the Medici Family?
This term is associated with the centuries-long series of wars and campaigns in which Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula gradually retook territory from the Muslim Moors, who had conquered most of the region in the early 700s.
What is the Reconquista?
This battle was a major naval battle during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and the combined fleets of France and Spain in 1805. It resulted in a Decisive British victory, preventing Napoleon's invasion of Britain.
What is the Battle of Trafalgar?
After the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany, after WW2, this person became its first chancellor.
Who is Konrad Adenauer?
Leader of the Jacobins during the French Revolution, he would lead the French Republic after the overthrow of King Louis XVI and would be instrumental during the Reign of Terror.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
This year was when the unification process of Italy, known as Risorgimento, was largely completed, resulting in Italy being unified under King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.
What is 1861?
After searching for a sponsor for his voyage westward, Christopher Columbus managed to convince these Catholic monarchs of Spain to fund the voyage in 1942 in hopes to expand Spain's religious, economic, and geographical influence.
Who is King Ferdinand II of Argon? Who is Queen Isabella I of Castile?
this was a series of civil wars in England fought between two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455-1487, concluding at the battle of Bosworth Field with the death of King Richard III.
What was the Wars of the Roses?
founded in 1190, this medieval Catholic military order was orginally involed in the military and religious organization involved in the Crusades and later became a powerful political and military force in Eastern Europe, controlling parts of Prussia, Livonia, and the Baltic coast.
What is the Teutonic Order?
this pledge was a made by members of the Third Estate in France during the French Revolution after being locked out of their usal meeting hall. they pledged to not seperate until a new constitution had been established.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This campaign was a series of 12 major battles fought between Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War 1 (1915-1917). It was a total disaster, draining both sides with little strategic gaming.
What is the Isonzo Campaign?
The Spanish Armada was a large fleet sent by the king of Spain in 1588 to invade England. It is one of the most famous naval events in European history because it ended in disaster for Spain and marked the decline of Spanish naval dominance.
Who is King Philip II?
fought in 1066, this battle conflict saw the face off between William the Conqueror and Harold II at Senlac Hill. William would end up crushing Harold II army resulting in the Norman conquest of England, fundementally changing its culture, language, aristocracy and governance.
What is the Battle of Hastings?
in 1618, this event saw protestant nobels in Bohemia get uspet over the Hasburg emperor trying to limit Protestant rights. This then resulted in two Catholic governors and their secretary being thrown out of a castle, kickstarted what would be later known as The Thirty Year's War.
What was the Defenestration of Prague
divided by religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. In 1572 a marriage between Henry of Navarre, a Protestant, and Margaret of Valois, Catholic, would see this mass killion of French Huguenots by Catholic mobs, which eventually spread to attacks on ordinary Protestants across France.
What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
these were a series of secret revolutionary movements, or uprisings, in the early 19th-century carried out by a soicety dedicated to liberal and nationalist ideals. they sought to overthrow the conservative regimes established after the Congress of Vienna and promote constiutional government, civil liberties, and the unification of Italy; they played a critical role setting up the foundations of the Risorgimento movement.
What are the Carbonari Uprisings?
The War of the Spanish Succession, 1701-1714, was a major European conflict over who would inherit the Spanish throne after the death of the childless Charles II of Spain. Philip of Anjou became Philip V, King of Spain, founding this dynasty.
What is the Bourbon dynasty?