Sponges
These specialized cells create water currents and capture food in sponges.
What are choanocytes?
The two body forms of cnidarians.
What are the polyp (sessile) and medusa (free-swimming) forms?
The major shell differences among mollusk classes.
Bivalves have two shells, gastropods one spiral shell, cephalopods reduced or internal shells.
A hard external covering that protects and supports arthropods.
What is an exoskeleton?
How sea stars and sea urchins feed differently.
Sea stars evert their stomachs to digest prey; sea urchins graze using Aristotle’s lantern
How sponges benefit their surrounding ecosystems.
What is filtering water, cycling nutrients, and providing habitats for other organisms?
These stinging cells are unique to cnidarians.
What are cnidocytes?
How cephalopods move.
By jet propulsion, expelling water through a siphon.
The medical importance of horseshoe crab blood.
It’s used to detect bacterial contamination (LAL test) in medical equipment.
The system that moves water through canals for locomotion and feeding.
What is the water vascular system?
The three main types of sponges, based on their skeletal composition.
What are calcareous sponges (calcium carbonate), glass sponges (silica), and demosponges (spongin and/or silica)?
Class of true jellyfish
What is Scyphozoa?
A tongue-like structure used for scraping or feeding
What is a radula?
The advantage of having planktonic larvae.
It disperses offspring and reduces competition with adults.
How echinoderms move.
By using tube feet powered by the water vascular system.
Sponges lack these structures found in most other animals, making them the simplest multicellular organisms.
What are true tissues and organs?
Class of box jellies with complex eyes and potent venom.
What is Cubozoa?
The mechanism cephalopods use to blend in with their surroundings
Chromatophores
Functions of arthropod appendages.
For feeding, locomotion, defense, sensing, and reproduction.
Name one echinoderm that burrows into sand and one that crawls on reefs.
Sand dollar or sea cucumber (burrows) and sea star or sea urchin (crawls).
What part of the sponge allows water to exit the body?
What is the osculum?
How corals and anemones affect marine ecosystems.
They build reefs, provide habitat and biodiversity, and support symbiosis with algae.
Function of the foot in bivalves.
It’s used for digging or anchoring into sediment.
How barnacles feed differently from other arthropods
Filter feeders using cirri to capture plankton.
Features that make echinoderms unique
Radial symmetry (as adults), endoskeleton, tube feet, and regenerative abilities.