Dement & Kleitman (sleep)
Brain scanning technique used in this study
EEG - Electroencephalogram
An example of a plush toy used in the study
- Winnie the Pooh
- Raggedy Ann
- Koala hand puppet
- Armadillo
- Teddy Bear
- Scooby Doo
- TURTLE
Identify the research method used in Holzel’s study (mindfulness)
Longitudinal study
Sampling technique used in Andrade’s study
Opportunity
Describe group 1 of this study
- 15 males diagnosed with Autism (HFA/AS).
- Volunteered through ad placed in National Autistic Society Magazine in the UK.
Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter.
Independent Variable
Research method used in Dement & Kleitman’s study
- Lab experiment
The baby monkeys in this study had little gender typing socialization. The study strongly supported the ________ side of one of our issues/debates.
Nature
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) was what type of data?
Quantitative - used a Likert scale
Sample size of Andrade’s study
40 participants
One problem with the original eye test and its revision
- 25 questions -> 36 questions
- 2 options -> 4 options
- semantic opposites -> similar foil words
- unknown meaning of words -> glossary provided
- eye glance direction Q’s too easy -> removed
Prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background are examples of what?
Participant variables - factors that people bring into the study that experimenters cannot always prevent from affecting the study.
One of the aims of the study
- Eye movement patterns relate to dream content
- Dream recall differs in REM and n-REM
- Correlation between estimate of dream duration and length of REM period
The process of learning to behave in socially acceptable ways.
Socialization
Brain scanning technique/method used in Holzel’s study
MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The hypothesis of Andrade’s study
Doodling will aid concentration
Explain why a quasi-experiment was used in this study
We couldn’t allocate what group the participants went into since we were comparing those who had autism to the others who did not.
A lack of controls and extraneous variables (such as situational variables and participant variables) can negatively impact the results of a study, therefore affecting ___________.
Internal validty
The number of stages of nREM sleep
3
How was counterbalancing used in this study?
- For each trial, they alternated the placement of the plush and wheeled toys.
1 requirement for participants to be accepted into the MBSR course
- Minimal to no experience with mindfulness/meditation
- No medication
- Healthy
- Could not have claustrophobia or metal in body
How was counterbalancing used in Andrade’s study?
Participants were required to either recall names and then places mentioned in the recording or vice versa.
Explain a weakness of Baron Cohen’s study
- Lacked mundane realism
- Low ecological validity
- Low generalizability
When 2 or more observers record behaviors I a consistent way to agree on results. Done in Hassett’s (monkey toy preference) study.
Inter-Observer Reliability
Explain where the electrodes of the EEG machine were placed on a participant.
Around eyes - to monitor eye movement
On scalp- to monitor brain activity
14 adult monkeys were not studied because
They had received hormone treatments in other studies
List the 3 components of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course.
- Body scan
- Sitting meditation
- Mindful yoga
Describe the recording participants had to listen to in Andrade’s study
- Monotone voicemail talking about people who are/may be attending an upcoming party
A strength of Baron Cohen’s study
- High reliability due to standardization
Type of question found on questionnaires inviting respondents to select an option from strongly agree to strongly disagree
Likert Scale