Nee Sar
Define Object Relation Theory
Object Relations Theory describes something that holds emotional significance for an infant or a child. This "object" can be a person or a part of a person and plays a crucial role in shaping the child's understanding of experiences and emotions.
Pyramid shaped explanation for personal needs
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
What psychological approach is Rollo May most associated with
existential psychology
"_____belongs to or is appropriate for the individual which develops through the seven stages of infancy to adolescence"
What is proprium?
What are the stages of development proposed by Margaret Mahler?
Normal Autism: 0-2 months
Normal Symbiosis: 1-4 months
Differentiation: 4-10 months
Early Practicing: 10-18 months
Rapprochement: 18-36 months
Object Constancy: 3 years and on
Integration of Self
What is Maslow’s goal of psychotherapy?
who introduced the concept of play therapy?
Melanie Klein
Define and dominate every aspect of life
What is cardinal traits?
Define 'holding environment' and 'good enough mother.'
Holding environment- A nurturing and secure emotional space provided by a caregiver that allows a child to feel safe and explore their surroundings.
Good enough mother - A good enough mother is a caregiver who adequately meets a child's needs without being perfect, fostering resilience and independence.
The pinnacle of when a person meets all needs, and feels a sense of “self transcendence”
What is self-actualization?
who introduced the concept of "Good Enough Mother"?
what is it?
The concept of the "Good Enough Mother," introduced by D.W. Winnicott, describes a caregiver who provides adequate care without being perfect. Initially, the mother meets the child's needs but gradually allows small frustrations, helping the child develop independence and resilience. Winnicott emphasized that perfection isn't necessary; natural imperfections in parenting support healthy emotional growth.
Generalized behavioral themes, i.e. aggressiveness or sentimentality
What is central traits?
What is symbiotic and withdrawing family?
Symbiotic - Children in a symbiotic relationship with controlling caregivers may struggle to form their own identity due to over-dependence and lack of autonomy
Withdrawing- families impose extreme expectations and emotional indifference on children, leading them to adopt automaton conformity, which causes them to lose their sense of identity and freedom by conforming to societal and familial demands without critical thought.
When a person is fueled by a need to feel accepted in their community by peers, friends, coworkers, etc.
What is self-esteem needs?
what is self psychology?
Self psychology is a psychoanalytic theory developed by Heinz Kohut in the 1970s. It focuses on the development of the self and emphasizes the importance of empathy in understanding and treating psychological issues.
displayed less frequently, yet learned through environment or peers we've been around/with
what are secondary traits?
What Modification did Henry Murray do to Sigmund Freud theories of Id, Ego, and Superego
Id—Murray emphasized that the id encompasses more than primal and sexual instincts; it also includes elements of positivity, empathy, and identification.
Ego- Murray identified the ego as the conscious organizer of behavior, rather than merely a "servant of the id."
Superego- Murray explained that social influences also shape the superego, which can continue to evolve throughout a person’s life, rather than being fully developed by the age of five.
The need of a person to feel accepted and admired by relationships (platonic//romantic)
What is love & belonging?
what are all the stages of psychosocial development?
(Erik Erikson)
1. **Trust vs. Mistrust** (0-1.5): Trust leads to **hope**; mistrust breeds fear.
2. **Autonomy vs. Shame** (1.5-3): Independence builds **will**; shame creates doubt.
3. **Initiative vs. Guilt** (3-5): Initiative fosters **purpose**; guilt discourages action.
4. **Industry vs. Inferiority** (5-12): Success develops **competence**; failure leads to inferiority.
5. **Identity vs. Role Confusion** (12-18): Identity brings **fidelity**; confusion causes uncertainty.
6. **Intimacy vs. Isolation** (18-40): Intimacy develops **love**; isolation results in loneliness.
7. **Generativity vs. Stagnation** (40-65): Generativity brings **care**; stagnation leads to disconnection.
8. **Integrity vs. Despair** (65+): Integrity yields **wisdom**; despair brings regret.
Vienna
What is the city where Fairbarn & Klein studied?