Marine ecology & humans & the sea
Name a marine pollutant.
1.Fertilizers
2.Sewage
3.Oil
4.Persistent toxic substances
5.Other pollutants (plastics, invasive species
Organisms in estuaries are normally _____. They can tolerate a wide range of salinities.
Euryhaline
The part of the continental shelf that is never exposed at low tide.
Subtidal zone
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold seep communities are these types of communities (hint: they don't rely on the sun)
Chemosynthetic
BONUS: what is the main compound these chemosynthetic bacteria are utilizing as their energy source? Hydrogen sulfide.
Biologically the richest part of the ocean.
Continental shelf
Name 2 (we listed 6) of the non-living resource categories from the oceans.
Oil/gas
Sand/gravel
Salt
Desalination for freshwater
Tidal/wave energy
Polymetallic nodules (manganese, nickel, copper)
Organisms that are so small they live between the grains of soft substrate are categorized as
Meiofauna
What are the 2 basic types of coral? Which type builds reefs and has zooxanthellae?
Hermatypic / Ahermatypic
Hermatypic
What classification of plankton spend their entire life cycle in the plankton?
Holoplankton
Describe ghost fishing
When derelict fishing gear continues to fish
The maximum number of individuals that a habitat can support is called the ____ _____.
Intertidal organisms have to withstand wide variations in these 3 abiotic factors.
Salinity, water levels (desiccation), temperatures
What are the 3 types of coral reefs?
What are the 3 physiological differences between vertical migrator and non-migrator fishes in the mesopelagic?
VM: swim bladder, well developed bones & muscles
NM: no swim bladder, weak bones, flabby muscles
The role in the community and all associated biotic and abiotic factors?
Ecological niche
This is the highest catch that can be maintained year after year without affecting the stock
Maximum sustainable yield
What are the 4 types of estuaries?
Drowned river valley
Bar-built
Tectonic
Fjord
BONUS 100: Coos Bay? DRV
Corals use a number of different mechanisms for direct nutrition. Name 2 of them.
Mucus, Zooxanthellae, Mesenterial filaments, Tentacles
Indirect: photosynthesis via zooxanthellae
What is nekton?
Give 2 examples.
Organisms that swim against currents and purposefully move in any direction.
Examples: fishes, penguins, squids, sea turtles, mammals.
This is the increasing concentration of persistent, toxic substances in organisms at each trophic level, from the primary producers to the apex consumers.
Biomagnification
BONUS: give an example.
PCBs, Heavy Metals
What are the 3 types of symbiosis? AND how are species impacted?
Mutualism +/+
Commensalism +/0
Parasitism +/-
THIS determines the upper limit of rocky intertidal organisms. While THAT determines the lower limit of rocky intertidal organisms.
Physical factors (desiccation)
Biological interactions (competition, predation, etc.)
How do sea otters affect the development of giant kelp forests?
What is this interaction called when the effects of a predator extend throughout the food chain?
Feeding on sea urchins that graze on the kelp.
Trophic cascade
List the vertical divisions of the ocean in order from the surface to the deep benthos.
Epipelagic / Mesopelagic / Bathypelagic / Abyssopelagic / Hadal pelagic
BONUS: what are the 2 divisions of the Epipelagic? Neritic and Oceanic
We have these types of tides on the Oregon Coast. Describe them.
Mixed semidiurnal tides
two daily high tides (& two daily low tides), one higher than the other