Chemistry
Organic Chemistry & Macromolecules
Cell Structure
Diffusion and Osmosis
Enzymes
Energy
Photosynthesis
Mitosis
Meiosis
100
When electrons are shared between two atoms, it is this kind of bond.
What is covalent?
100
An organic molecule has at least one bond between these two different atoms.
What is carbon and hydrogen?
100
If a cell contains organelles, it belongs to this Domain.
What is Eukarya?
100
When the only substance that can pass across a membrane is water, the process is called this.
What is osmosis?
100
Enzymes belong to this group of macromolecules.
What are proteins?
100
Energy that can be used but is not currently being used is called this.
What is potential energy?
100
Chlorophyll appears green because it does this to green wavelengths of light.
What is reflect?
100
The phase between prophase and anaphase.
What is metaphase?
100
Meiotic cell division results in four daughter cells that are not identical, and this.
What is haploid?
200
When a positively charged atom is attracted to a negatively charged atom, it is this type of bond.
What is ionic?
200
Glucose, starch, and cellulose are part of this group of macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates?
200
This boundary determines what is inside and outside of the cell.
What is the lipid bilayer?
200
Adding heat, stirring, and increasing permeability cause the rate of diffusion to do this.
What is increase?
200
Like proteins, enzymes will do this if the pH, temperature, etc. are far from optimal.
What is denature?
200
Food molecules are broken down for the purpose of making lots of this.
What is ATP?
200
Chlorophyll is located in the membrane of this structure.
What is the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast?
200
Cell division in somatic cells results in daughter cells that are this.
What is diploid and identical?
200
In a stable and favorable environment, this type of reproduction is advantageous.
What is asexual reproduction?
300
The electrons shared between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule spend more time around oxygen, making water this.
What is polar?
300
This type of macromolecule generally does not form hydrogen bonds.
What are lipids?
300
Chromatin is contained within this organelle during interphase.
What is the nucleus?
300
The term used to describe the lack of a concentration gradient between two solutions.
What is isotonic?
300
Where a substrate interacts with the enzyme.
What is the active site?
300
In metabolism, the term used to describe the break down of a molecule into smaller molecules.
What is catabolism?
300
The final electron acceptor after Photosystem I is this.
What is NADP+?
300
Uncontrolled division results in this.
What is cancer?
300
To infuse variation into a population, the best method to use is this.
What is sexual reproduction?
400
By definition, a molecule must contain a covalent bond between at least two of these.
What are two atoms?
400
The interaction of at least two secondary structures in a protein result in this.
What is tertiary structure?
400
Across all eukaryotes, ATP synthesis occurs in this organelle.
What is the mitochondrion?
400
When the concentration of solutes are greater on one side of a membrane, it is called this.
What is hypertonic?
400
The substrate that is broken down into H2O and O2 by the catalase enzyme.
What is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
400
After electrons are harvested from glucose, electron carriers deliver them here.
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
400
After Photosystem II, excited electrons are used to do this.
What is synthesize ATP?
400
The role of the mitotic spindle during cell division.
What is separation of sister chromatids?
400
This type of cell contains 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome.
What is a sperm cell?
500
An atom can contain a variable number of neutrons and electrons, except for this, and still be considered the same atom.
What are protons?
500
Nucleotides are the monomers of this polymer.
What is DNA, or nucleic acids?
500
The amino acid sequence of a protein is synthesized in this organelle.
What is the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)?
500
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, it is called this.
What is active transport?
500
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by doing this.
What is decrease the activation energy?
500
One turn of the Citric Acid Cycle results in this many NADH.
What is 3?
500
Excited electrons that flow through PSII and PSI are replaced by this process.
What is the splitting of water?
500
Cells spend most of their time in this phase.
What is interphase?
500
A diploid organism with 32 chromosomes will have this many chromosomes in its gametes.
What is 16?
600
A base will have less of this compared to an acid.
What are Hydrogen ions (H+)?
600
A polysaccharide made of glucose monomers that is found in the cell walls of plants.
What is cellulose?
600
The method by which newly synthesized proteins travel from the ER to the Golgi complex.
What is a transport vesicle?
600
If the concentration of solutes is lower inside the cell than outside, this will happen to the cell.
What is shrink?
600
Enzymes have this property, which is why there are so many different kinds of enzymes.
What is substrate-specific?
600
The law that states energy is neither created nor destroyed.
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
600
ATP and NADPH, produced during the light reactions, are used in this step.
What is the Calvin cycle?
600
A cell that no longer divides is considered to be in the phase.
What is G zero?
600
The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during this phase of meiosis.
What is Anaphase I?
700
Water can absorb relatively more heat energy without changing its temperature because water has this.
What is high specific heat?
700
This lipid, found in the lipid bilayer, helps maintain membrane structure. (not phospholipids)
What is cholesterol?
700
Viewing a cell under the 4x objective means you are viewing the cell under this total magnification.
What is 40x? (4x * 10x)
700
If an animal cell is hypertonic to the solution it is in, then this will happen to the cell.
What is burst?
700
Enzymes are always needed to perform this metabolic process, because the reaction has a positive deltaG.
What is anabolism (an endergonic reaction)?
700
When electron carriers move from glycolysis to the ETC, they are in this state.
What is reduced?
700
In order for the Calvin cycle to continue, this molecule needs to be regenerated from 5 of the 6 G3Ps produced in the previous cycle.
What is RuBP?
Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate
700
If a cell in the G1 phase of interphase has 3 pg of DNA, it will have this amount in G2.
What is 6 pg?
700
The second source of variation in the genetic makeup of gametes.
What is independent assortment?
800
The bond formed when the partial positive charge of a water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of another water molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
800
The molecules depicted here have this property because of the presence of an amino group, a carboxyl group, or hydroxyl groups.
What is polarity?
800
Due to the properties of the cell membrane, these substances, no matter how small, cannot diffuse across the membrane without facilitation.
What are ions?
(charged particles in general)
800
The driving force behind the movement of molecules during diffusion.
What is the concentration gradient?
800
When the product of a metabolic pathway disables the pathway, it is called this.
What is feedback inhibition?
800
Water is formed during the synthesis of ATP, so it is this kind of reaction.
What is a dehydration reaction?
800
The inorganic molecule required by the Calvin cycle.
What is CO2?
800
If a cell completes mitosis, but not cytokinesis, the cell would have this.
What are two nuclei?
800
The separation of sister chromatids occur during mitosis, and this stage of meiosis.
What is anaphase II?
900
This chemical helps prevent large changes in pH.
What is a buffer?
900
This molecule will not dissolve in water, thus it has this property.
What is hydrophobic?
900
Plant cells cannot perform cytokinesis in the way that animals cells can, instead they form this.
What is a cell plate?
900
The energy from electrons harvested from glucose is used to do this to the hydrogen ion concentration in the intermembrane space.
What is increase it?
900
Without enzymes, reactions with a negative deltaG will still occur spontaneously, because they are this type of reaction.
What is exergonic?
900
By stripping electrons off of glucose during glycolysis, glucose has become this.
What is oxidized?
900
Photosystem I does this to re-excite electrons that were just depleted during ATP synthesis.
What is absorb light energy?
900
These chromosomes carry information for the same trait, but may have different genes for that trait.
What are homologous chromosomes?
900
The process by which haploid cells return to the diploid state.
What is fertilization?