Brain and Spinal Cord
Which lobe is the post central gyrus on
parietal
What does GSH do?
Stimulate the release of gonadotropin
4 reflexes we have learned
Stretch, tendons, withdraw, and crossed extensor
Which pathway delivers motor execution signals?
Corticospinal
3 structural classifications of neurons, and the associated function
Unipolar-sensory
Bipolar-special senses
Multipolar-motor/interneurons
With respect to motor execution, what is the primary and association area
Primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus-primary area Premotor cortex-association area
3 types of hormone stimulation
Humoral, Hormonal, Neural
Which reflex(s) would be intersegmental
Withdrawl and crossed extensor
What white column has multiple pathways (that we have covered) running through it?
Lateral white column
Where are parasympathetic ganglions relative to the CNS? and sympathetic?
Parasympathetic-Have long preganglionic neurons, thus the ganlgion is far from the CNS
Sympathetic-Have short preganglionic neurons, thus the glanglion is far from the CNS
what are the 3 horns and the neuron types that synapse there
Lateral-autonomic motor
Posterior/Dorsal-sensory
How does the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes differ
Anterior-predominantly glandular tissue, controlled via hormonal intermeidates to trigger release
Posterior-predominantly neural tissue, controlled via neurons to trigger release
What is meant by the term reciprocal? Which reflex demonstrates reciprocal activation?
Antagonist muscle, and the tendon reflex
what pathways synapse in the ventral gray horn?
The corticospinal tracts
Differentiate between the axon hillock and the trigger zone
Axon hillock-where the soma meets the axon
Trigger zone-first location where voltage gates are seen
What is the effect of damage to the brocas area
Inability to string the correct words together, though language comprehnsion is still intact
as a hormone it will effect the majority of the body, while as a NT it will effect only the target organ
crossed extensor is often referred to as a combination of which 2 reflexes
Stretch and withdrawl
What is the dorsal ramus responsible for
Innervation of the posterior thoracic region (back)
If the eye were to be innervated by a parasympathetic neuron, where would this signal leave the CNS at? And sympathetic?
Parasympathtic-Brainstem
Sympathetic-thoracic spinal cord
Name and identify the function of all 6 glial cells
Schwann-Myelination (PNS)
Satellite-Soma support and extracellular chemical gradient maintenance (PNS)
Oligodendrocyte-Myelination (CNS)
Astrocyte-extracellular chemical gradient maintenance and the blood brain barrier
Microglia-pathogen detection and phagocytosis
Ependymal-CSF production
Give and example of negative feedback regulation with respect to hormones
High amounts of glucose in the blood will stimulate the release of insulin to maintain homeostasis
If someone were to grab your right wrist, and you were to push them with your left arm while also pulling back your right arm, whihc reflex(s) would this be?
Crossed extensor
Which pathway(s) is most likely to be used to switch your ringing phone to vibrate?
Posterior Column Medial Lemniscus as it will use fine touch and corticospinal as it is a motor movement
What ion must flow into the terminal end to trigger the release of the NT
calcium