Neuron Your Way To Great Things
What is the functional classification of a multipolar neuron?
Motor Neuron
What structures are included within the CNS?
Brain and Spinal cord
Define threshold
Threshold is the transmembrane potential required to open voltage gated channels.
What is white matter composed of? Gray matter?
White matter: axons
Gray matter: cell bodies
Which lobe is the auditory cortex found?
Temporal
Can a neuron carry both motor and sensory information?
No
Do cranial nerves exist within the CNS or the PNS?
PNS
Are resting membranes more or less permeable to K+ at rest? Why?
They are more permeable to K+ at rest because they contain more leak channels than Na+
Name the meninges from superficial to deep? What is important about the deepest layer?
Dura, arachnoid, pia. The pia mater marks the division of the CNS and PNS.
Where is the insula found? What does it do?
Deep to the frontal and temporal lobe (lateral sulcus). It contains the primary taste center (gustatory cortex)
What is the CNS equivalent of ganglia?
Gray Matter
Which is the correct pair?
Afferent: Motor
Autonomic: Motor
Visceral: Motor
Autonomic: Motor
Describe the type of summation: a graded hyperpolarization from many channels opening at once.
Spatial Summation
What provides redundant blood supply to brain? Why is it important?
Circle of Willis. So you don't die
Define a primary area. Define an association area.
A primary area is where the immediate flow of information comes in or where direct commands come out. An association area is where the information is planned or integrated.
Describe the function of interneurons. What is their structural classification?
Interneurons are multipolar neurons that exist entirely within the CNS. They act as a bridge to connect neurons together.
Give an example for each:
An afferent visceral stimulus
An efferent somatic response
An autonomic response
Afferent Visceral: stomach hurting
Efferent Somatic: skeletal muscle movement
Autonomic response: Blood vessels dilating
True or False: Serotonin ( a neurotransmitter) can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects depending on the channel it binds to.
True
Describe the fiber types:
Association fibers
Projection fibers
Commissural fibers
Association fibers are axons that go within the same hemisphere
Projection fibers are axons that go to the spinal cord
Commissural fibers are axons that run between hemispheres
An individual has a stroke. While they are recovering they are struggling with movement on their right side and they are struggling to form words. They can understand what is being said to them, but they find it difficult to form words and often speak in short sentences. What side of the brain did the damage occur on? Why do you think that?
The damage occurred on the left side of the brain. The brain has contralateral control of movement, so if the left side is damaged it will cause issues with right side movement. Also, they have symptoms of Broca's aphasia and the Broca's area is on the left side of the brain in most cases.