Gas transport and exchange
what is responsible for picking up the majority of oxygen in the pulmonary system
hemoglobin
where does gas exchange occur
describe asthma
allergic response to irritants, results in constrictions of bronchioles
what are the three types of capillaries and what are they denoted by
Continuous: the majority of capillaries are type, do not allow many molecules to leave.
Fenestrated: Located in the kidneys, high absorption and filtration due to large gaps
Sinusoidal: liver, spleen, bone marrow, large gaps allow large molecules to pass through.
what allows us to maintain the negativity in our cell but also get rid of HCO3-
the chloride shift
what are the three ways CO2 can be transported
2. attached to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin
3. as a bicarbonate ion
what is the function of a goblet cell? and a septal cell?
goblet cells-produce mucus in the mucocilliary elevator
septal cells-produce surfactant
how wide is a capillary? how concerning is it if one capillary is blocked?
About 1 RBC wide. It is not concerning due to the redundancy of capillaries in the area.
name and describe the three types of arteries
Elastic-conducting vessels
Muscular-distributing vessels
Arterioles-resistance vessels
where in the body does HbO2 become HHb and why
in the systemic capillaries, to drop of O2 to the tissues
what does partial pressure measure in the system
the amount of (O2 or CO2) unbound and in the gas state
describe anatomical dead space
the space of air left in the respiratory system after exhalation
pneumothorax
collapsed lung, likely due to a puncture
define hydrostatic pressure
a pushing out force generated by the heart
where in the body does HHb + O2 become HbO2 + H, why does it do this
in the pulmonary cappilaries, to pick up O2 and deliver it to the tissues
carbonic anhydrase
what force does intrapleural pressure counteract
the force of the lung to collapse
emphysema
lack of elasticity in the alveoli making recoil weaker
define coloid osmotic pressure. does it stay constant throughout a vessel? why or why not?
a pulling in force generated by plasma proteins (mostly albumins). remains constant as the proteins are too large to pass through the vessel walls.
Why is CO2 truned to HCO3-
to increase the plasmas carrying ability
When is hemoglobins affinity for oxygen the lowest?
during exercise
what contributes to the collapsing force of the lung
the surface tension
define infant respiratory distress syndrome
when an infant is inable to breathe due to a lack of surfactant production
what are the three determinates of resistance in a vessel
1. blood viscocity
2. vessel length
3. vessel diameter
describe La Chatelier's Principle
the more a reaction is loaded on one side, the more the rxn is driven to the other side.