Bone Basics
Which system allows movement by working with muscles while also protecting vital organs?
Skeletal System
Which bone cell is responsible for forming new bone?
Osteoblast
What type of growth is responsible for increasing bone length?
Interstitial growth
What is the smallest unit of a muscle fiber that actually contracts?
Sarcomere
What must change in a muscle cell before contraction can begin?
RMP ( Resting Membrane Potential )
What type of bone would you find in the femur or humerus?
Long bone
Which bone cell maintains the bone matrix after it is formed?
Osteocyte
What type of growth increases bone thickness over time?
Appositional growth
Which structure stores and releases calcium for muscle contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
During which step does myosin pull actin toward the center of the sarcomere?
Power stroke
What structure allows bones to grow in length during childhood?
Epiphyseal plate
Which bone cell would be most active during bone breakdown or calcium release?
Osteoclast
Which process forms bone by replacing a cartilage model?
Endochondral ossification
What structures carry electrical signals deep into the muscle fiber?
T-tubules
Which ion is required to expose binding sites on actin?
Calcium
Which type of bone tissue would you expect to find making up the hard outer layer of bones?
Compact bone
What is the name of the structural unit found in compact bone?
Osteon
Which process forms bone directly without a cartilage stage?
Intramembranous ossification
What connective tissue surrounds each individual muscle fiber?
Endomysium
What do you call a sustained muscle contraction with no relaxation?
Tetany
Which type of bone contains trabeculae and is commonly found at the ends of long bones?
Spongy bone
What structures allow osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients?
Canaliculi
What law explains why bones become stronger with increased stress?
Wolff’s law
What is the name of the junction where a neuron stimulates a muscle fiber?
NMJ
What condition occurs when a muscle can no longer maintain contraction?
Fatigue