CNS Structure & Function
Largest part of the brain responsible for conscious thought and decision-making
What is the cerebrum?
Division responsible for voluntary muscle movement
What is the somatic nervous system?
This system is known as “fight or flight”
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Sensory neurons are also called this
What are afferent neurons?
Damage to the spinal cord most directly affects this function
What is movement and sensation?
Structure that coordinates balance and fine motor movement
What is the cerebellum?
Division that controls involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion
What is the autonomic nervous system?
This system slows heart rate and promotes digestion
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Motor neurons are also called this
What are efferent neurons?
Damage to the cerebellum affects this ability
What is balance and coordination?
Brain structure that acts as a relay station for sensory information
What is the thalamus?
The autonomic nervous system is divided into these two branches
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
During sympathetic activation, pupils do this
What is dilate?
Structure that processes reflexes without involving the brain
What is the spinal cord?
Damage to motor neurons affects this type of function
What is movement?
Structure that regulates body temperature, hunger, and hormone control
What is the hypothalamus?
The somatic nervous system primarily controls this type of muscle
What is skeletal muscle?
This system increases heart rate and inhibits digestion
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Complete the pathway: receptor → ___ → CNS → ___ → effector
What are afferent neuron and efferent neuron?
A patient can move but cannot feel pain — this pathway is damaged
What is the afferent (sensory) pathway?
This structure controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate
What is the brainstem?
Failure of this system would disrupt heart rate, digestion, and gland activity
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Dominant system after eating a large meal and relaxing
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the reason why reflexes are faster than voluntary actions?
How are these reflexes processed?
What is they bypass the brain and are processed in the spinal cord?
Spinal cord injury at lumbar level: function lost vs retained
What is loss of leg function but retention of arm and upper body function?