Genetic Variation and Microevolution
A random change in the sequence of DNA nucleotides is called a(n) ______________.
What is a Mutation?
The human genome has approximately 20,000 of these?
What are Genes?
Genes are located at specific loci on these?
What are Chromosomes?
A male and female damselfy that are unable to reproduce and produce viable fertile offspring are most like to be different _____________.
What are Species (biological species)?
Behavior that is entirely genetically programmed is said to be __________.
What is Innate?
Cetaceans evolved from terrestrial ___________.
What is Ungulates (or hooved mammals)?
A sperm (as compared to a somatic cell) is said to be _______ or 1N.
What is Haploid?
DNA is transcribed into what type of molecule?
What is mRNA or messenger RNA?
Chromatin that is tightly packaged around histone proteins and typically not expresses is called ________.
What is Heterochromatin?
The arm of a human and the wing of a bat are said to be this?
What is Homologous (homologous structures)
In a population of Chinook Salmon, there can be small males and large males, but very few medium-sized males. This results specifically from what type of selection?
What is Disruptive Selection?
What is Punctuated Equilibrium?
The term that refers to all the alleles in a population
What is a Gene Pool?
A female that has fetal stem cells in her body is called a(n) __________.
What is Microchimera?
In stickleback fish, freshwater populations have evolved to not have ____________ due to the presence of dragonfly larvae.
What are Pelvic Spines?
When the sperm of one coral species is not able to fertilize the egg of another species, this is specifically called ____________.
What is Gametic Isolation?
What mechanism of sexual selection can explain males that are brightly colored in comparison to females of the same species?
What is Female (or Mate) Choice?
Gene regulation that can be passed from one generation to another due to the presence of methyl tags is called _____________.
What is Epigenetics?
The random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I and II in Meiosis is called ___________, and this results in an increase in the genetic diversity of the resulting gametes.
What is Independent Assortment?
The technical term used to describe sequences of DNA that are able to make copies of genes and insert them elsewhere in the genome.
What is Transposon?
Genes that are turned off and begin to accumulate mutations making them no longer functional are called _______.
What are Pseudogenes?
Two populations that become geographically isolated from one another can, through chance, become reproductively isolated. This is called _________ speciation.
What is Allopatric?
This type of fitness can explain why individuals of some species forego reproduction and help their relatives reproduce.
What is Inclusive Fitness?
The evolution of entirely new genes, like the antifreeze gene, in icefish is often due to gene _________.
What is Duplication?
A random change in the allele frequency of a population is and example of microevolution and is technically called __________.
What is Genetic Drift?
DNA that accumulates mutations at a steady rate can be used to estimate when two groups of organisms diverged. This type of DNA is specifically called a(n) ________.
What is Molecular Clock?
What mechanism of gene regulation can explain how one gene could possibly code for many different proteins?
What is Exon Shuffling?
Tiktaalik is just one example of a ___________.
What is Transitional Fossil?
Two species of birds evolved to understand eachother's defense calls and even help eachother mob predators. This is an example of ______ evolution.
What is Coevolution?
When DNA is passed between species rather than through inheritance, this is called _____________.
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer?