A saintly old hermit named Peter of Morrone who didn't want to be pope but finally agreed, then quit after six months to go back to his life of solitude
Who is POPE CELESTINE V?
100
A letter of proclamation from a pope, which takes its name from the stamped lead seal, or bulla, which marks it as an official document signed by the pope.
What is a PAPAL BULL?
100
Poor unofficial traveling priests trained by Wycliffe to preach the word of God anywhere to anyone who would listen
Who were the LOLLARDS?
100
The 40 years, from 1378-1417, when the Roman Catholic Church had two sets of popes
What is the WESTERN SCHISM? (or the GREAT SCHISM or the PAPAL SCHISM)
100
First to translate the Bible into English; called popes "anti-Christs"; nicknamed the "Morning Star of the Reformation"
Who is JOHN WYCLIFFE?
200
The craftiest and perhaps haughtiest pope of all time; issued the papal bull Unus Sanctum, declaring it absolutely necessary for salvation for every human, particularly kings, to be subject to the pope as their ultimate authority
Who is POPE BONIFACE VIII?
200
The Tribunal, or special court, established by Ferdinand and Isabella, to expose those pretending to be Christians and to defend the Roman Catholic faith against heretics
What is the SPANISH INQUISITION?
200
Followers of John Hus who ignored the pope's authority and fought, then won, six wars with the Catholics from 1420-1434
Who were the HUSSITES?
200
Wycliffe's teaching that Christ is present with believers during Holy Communion, in opposition to the Catholic doctrine of Transubstantiation
What is CONSUBSTANTIATION?
200
Personal confessor and priest to Queen Isabella; his ideas were responsible for initiating the Spanish Inquisition
Who is TOMAS DE TORQUEMADA?
300
The pope responsible for moving the papacy to France, as he meekly gave in to King Philip's demands and ordered the arrest of all Knights Templar, former heroes of the Crusades
Who is POPE CLEMENT V?
300
When cardinals lock themselves away in isolation, ignoring outside influences until they discern whom God has chosen to be the next pope by sending white smoke up the chimney
What is the PAPAL CONCLAVES?
300
Former Moors who converted to Christianity when their homelands were conquered; those suspected of merely pretending to convert, therefore called "Crypto-Muslims"
Who were Moriscos?
300
Issued by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492, it ordered all Jewish men, women, and children expelled from Aragon and Castile
What is the ALHAMBRA DECREE?
300
Priest from Bohemia put on trial for heresy for saying the Bible, not the church or its popes, was the hightest authority; burned alive and labeled "Leader of the Heretics"
Who is JOHN HUS?
400
Italian pope who wanted to punish France for the Avignon Papacy and restore Italy to its proper place, but his abrasive ways made him very unpopular so he was removed from his position- though he stubbornly refused to leave
Who is POPE URBAN VI?
400
The 70 years, from 1309-1377 when Rome lost its place and France became the home of the Catholic Church; Also referred to as the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy"
What is the AVIGNON PAPACY?
400
Cardinals who met in Germany from 1414-1417 to solve what had been a two-pope problem that turned into a three pope problem; they aldo tried and condemned John Hus of heresy
What was the COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE?
400
Wycliffe's teaching that God has chosen those who will live forever with Him in heaven, and no one (not even the pope!) can know who is or is not a member of God's church
What is the INVISIBLE CHURCH OF THE ELECT?
400
Italian nun who became Patron Saint of Italy because her vision ended the Avignon Papacy and brought the papacy back to Rome
Who is CATHERINE OF SIENA?
500
Pope elected by the Council of Constance in 1417 to end the Western Schism, again ruling in Rome and ignoring the "anti-pope" Benedict in Avignon who refused to step down
Who is POPE MARTIN V?
500
A highly offensive and embarrassing incident when French King Philip sent an army to capture Pope Boniface VIII, hoping to force him to resign; the way one soldier punished him for his insolence against France
What is the ANAGNI SLAP?
500
Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity to please their Christian conquerors and make their lives easier, but were suspected of still practicing their Jewish faith in secret; called "Crypto-Jews"
Who were the MARRANOS?
500
Three symbols used in a special ceremony of excommunication to represent how terrible the offender was- that they were dead to the church, name was no longer in recorded, and their soul was snuffed out
What is a BELL, BOOK, AND CANDLE?
500
This enemy of the Muslims tried to stamp out the Muslim faith from Spain by burning all their books, and urging Queen Isabella to give them a choice between forced conversion or exile