Transcription and Translation
Gene Regulation
Mutation
Vocabulary
Random
100
enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks.
What is a helicase?
100
a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein and activates the repressor to switch an operon off
What is corepressor?
100
are chemical changes in just one base pair of a gene. The change of a single nucleotide in a DNA template strand can lead to the production of an abnormal protein.
What is point mutation?
100
where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication “bubble”.
What is origins of replication?
100
condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. It is common in plants, but not in animals.
What is polyploidy?
200
Along the other template strand of DNA, the DNA polymerase synthesize a lagging strand discontinuously in segmentS
What is Okazaki Fragments?
200
the most common inherited disease among African Americans. Due to a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein, red blood cells deform into a sickle shape when blood oxygen concentration is low, triggering blood clumping and other detrimental effects.
What is sickle-cell disease?
200
Translation
What is translation?
200
enhance survival and reproduction can be selected by environmental conditions.
Why is genetic changes important?
300
The direction replication occurs at
What is 5’ to 3’ direction?
300
inducible operon is always off until it is induced to turn on.
What is the lac operon?
300
replaces one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides.
What is base-pair substitution?
300
the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. Transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is transcription?
400
The ribosome the synthesis of proteins
Where is the site for transcription?
400
where different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns.
What is Alternative RNA Splicing?
400
change an amino acid codon into a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein.
What is nonsense mutation?
400
is a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide.
What is a groth factor?
400
increase genetic variation are evolutionarily conserved and are shared by various organisms.
What is Crossing over during meiosis, Random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, and Fertilization?
500
Initiation, elongation, and termination
What is the stages of transcription?
500
gene halts the cell cycle by binding to cylcin-dependent kinases – allows time for DNA to be repaired before the resumption of cell division. genes turns on genes directly involved in DNA repair.
Why is ps3 gene important?
500
Physical agents, such as X-rays and UV light, and various chemical agents that cause mutations are called
What is mutagens?
500
one prophage gene codes for a protein that prevents transcription of the other prophage genes, thus the phage genome is mostly silent within the bacterium.
What is prophage?
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