Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Cells
Vocabulary
Random
100
large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms.
What is macromolecules?
100
three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon
What is glycerol?
100
specialize in energy capture and transformation. The have a double membrane
What is the mitochondria?
100
have one or more double bonds.
What is unsaturated fatty acids?
100
two or more regions of the polypeptide chain lie parallel to one another. H-bonds form here, and keep the structure together.
What is beta pleated sheet?
200
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are two types of nucleic acids?
200
have an amino (NH2) end and a carboxyl (COOH) end, and consist of a linear sequence of amino acids connected by the formation of peptide bonds by dehydration synthesis between the amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent monomers.
What is proteins?
200
membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes, which are important in intracellular digestion, the recycling of a cell’s organic materials and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion in a variety of ways.
What is lysosomes?
200
have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds.
What is saturated fatty acids?
200
compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme.
What is competitive inhibitors?
300
two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol.
What is phospholipids?
300
have ends, defined by the 3’ and 5’ carbons of the sugar in the nucleotide, that determine the direction in which complementary nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis and the direction in which transcription occurs (from 5’ to 3’).
What is nucleic acids?
300
membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes, which are important in intracellular digestion, the recycling of a cell’s organic materials and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion in a variety of ways.
What is a vacuole?
300
one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers – they are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
What is lipids?
300
bind to a part of the enzyme separate from the active site and change the shape of the enzyme, thus impeding its action.
What is noncompetitive inhibitors?
400
amphipathic – contains both polar and non-polar portions (hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions).
What is phospolipid?
400
major component of the tough wall of plant cells. • Like starch, cellulose is a polymer of glucose, but the glycosidic linkages differ. • The difference is based on two ring forms for glucose: alpha () and beta ().
What is cellulose?
400
specialized organelles found in algae and higher plants that capture energy through photosynthesis.
What is a chloroplast?
400
constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids.
What is fats?
400
end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway. prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources by synthesizing more product than is needed.
What is feedback inhibition?
500
linkages bond glycerol to the fatty acid tails – bond is between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
What is ESTER?
500
a storage polysaccharide in animals – Humans and other vertebrates store glycogen mainly in liver and muscle cells – Extensively branched
What is glycogen?
500
can capture different wavelengths of light except the color green
Can a chlorophyll capture different wavelengths of light?
500
occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule. This process requires energy! Polymers are disassembled to monomers (broken down) by hydrolysis, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction – water molecules are used to break the bond between the monomers in the polymer. This process can release energy!
What is condensation reaction ?
500
General environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity and pH. Chemicals that specifically influence the enzyme.
How can an enzyme's activity be affected?
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