The Chemistry of Life
A subatomic particle with a negative charge and negligible mass; is NOT located in the atom's nucleus
What is an electron?
A long molecule consisting of a chain of very similar building blocks.
What is a polymer?
The energy matter has due to its position
What is potential energy?
Long-range cellular signaling (hint: hormones)
What is endocrine signaling?
Phase of the cell cycle where all chromosomes are lined up on an imaginary axis
What is metaphase?
A type of chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom
What is a hydrogen bond?
A type of fat that is liquid at room temperature due to kinks in double bonds of the fatty acids. (Hint: these fats mainly come from plants)
What are unsaturated fats?
A reaction in which an input of energy is required.
What is an endergonic reaction?
A special type of enzyme that adds a phosphate group to another protein.
What is a kinase?
Chromosomes that carry the same type of genes in the same order, but are not identical because they were inherited from the opposite parent.
What are homologous chromosomes?
A type of molecule that does not readily dissolve in water.
What is a hydrophobic molecule?
An alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
What is secondary structure of a protein?
A process that occurs in the absence of O2 that allows NAD+ regeneration by the direct oxidation of pyruvate into lactate.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
A membrane receptor that activates G proteins upon ligand binding.
What is a G protein coupled receptor?
The phase of cell division where homologous chromosomes separate.
What is anaphase I of meiosis I?
A substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution.
What is an acid?
Sugar/phosphate backbone and a nitrogenous base
A small molecule that allows for amplification of a cellular signal.
What is a second messenger?
Males only need one copy of this kind of trait for them to display the phenotype
What is an X-linked trait?
Two molecules that have the same chemical formula, but the atoms are arranged differently, such that the two molecules are mirror images of each other.
What are enantiomers?
Single stranded nucleic acid that uses uracil instead of thymine
What is RNA?
Intracellular receptors
Adding a 5' cap, 3' poly-A tail, and removing introns.
What is RNA processing?