jambons in tales
when a speaker adds a second language without any loss of competence in the first language.
what is additive bilingualism
can understand 2 languages but can only speak in one of them
receptive bilingualism
are texts that have more than one "mode" and meaning is conveyed through synchronization of modes
multimodal
spelling should be taught systematically in relation to individual development
developmental word study approach
organizational principles should have...
reasonable generalizability
the addition of a second language leads to a gradual erosion of competence in the first language
subtractive bilingualism
when an individual fails to develop in either languages
semilingualism
when meaning is produced partly through reference to other texts
intertextuality
focusses on the 3000 highest frequency words. are introduced through grade 2-8.taught in series of lists with attention to spelling pattern
basal speller approach
orthographic patterns taught should be introduced in relation to...
documented developmental trend
the speaker maintains 2 languages
balanced bilingualism
if a child learns 2 languages, they will be become confused and suffer in school (true or false)
false
self-reference within a text
intratextuality
learning to spell words from lists is more efficient than...
learning them from context
words and patterns taught should be subject to...
periodic review
when a child hears more than one language from birth
simultaneous bilinguals
children should learn one language completely first before parents start teaching them another (true or false)
(false)
different modes may make it possible to go back and forth in a text
affordances
creating spelling words from frequency lists guarantees the usefulness of...
the words for most writing demands
child begins to listen in the womb, newborn recognizes mothers voice, rhythm and intonation
pre-natal to birth
when some leans one language after an other
consecutive/ sequential bilingualism
the way information is conveyed (visual, spoken, print)
mode
spelling learned through reading and writing in meaningful ways. mini-lessons when necessary
incidental approach
controlling the difficulty of lists by frequency and by word length successfully....
differentiates task difficulty
what determines the difficulty of the task
cognitive difficulty