Body Basics
Physiology
What is the study of how the body functions called?
Mitochondria
What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What are the four primary tissue types found in the human body?
Epidermis
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
Homeostasis
What term describes the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment?
Medial
What anatomical term means toward the midline of the body?
Plasma membrane
What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
Epithelial tissue
What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines organs and cavities?
Melanocytes
What cells produce melanin, which contributes to skin color?
Gap junction
Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between neighboring cells?
Negative feedback
What type of feedback mechanism reverses a change to maintain homeostasis?
Golgi apparatus
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport?
Transitional epithelium
What epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch?
Stratum basale
What layer of the epidermis contains cells that are continuously dividing to replace dead skin cells?
Body temperature regulation
A person has damaged sweat glands and cannot sweat normally. What homeostatic process would be affected?
Thoracic cavity
What body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
Active transport
What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?
Dense regular connective tissue
What type of connective tissue contains parallel collagen fibers and is commonly found in tendons?
Sebaceous gland
What type of gland releases an oily substance called sebum?
Cell division (mitosis)
A drug prevents microtubules from forming. What important cellular process would be disrupted?
Positive feedback
During childbirth, contractions cause more oxytocin to be released, increasing contractions. What feedback mechanism is this?
It shrinks because water leaves the cell through osmosis.
A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What happens to the cell, and why?
Cardiac muscle tissue
What type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and contains intercalated discs?
They destroy the epidermis and dermis, damage nerve endings, and compromise the skin's protective barrier.
Why are third-degree burns more dangerous than first-degree burns?
Epithelial tissue regenerates to restore the protective barrier, while connective tissue produces collagen to help repair and strengthen the damaged area.
A patient has a cut that damages the epidermis and dermis. Explain how at least two tissue types help repair the injury.