the future
long polymers of nucleotides that contain the genetic code
Nucleic Acid
A condition at which no concentration gradient exists.
Equilibrium
a solution that has the same water concentration as the cytosol.
Isotonic solution
a pair of amino acids chemically bonded together
Dipeptide
a simple sugar made by plants
Glucose
Uses the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine.
DNA
Passive transport using protein channels in membranes from larger or charged particles to pass through.
Facilitated diffusion
a protein that is used to move materials across the membranes in the cells
Transport protein
the chemical bond that connects two amino acids
Peptide bond
a chain of amino acids
Polypeptides
Uses the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil
RNA
movement of water from high concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Osmosis
a protein that uses energy to create a high concentration of sodium ions on one side of the membrane and a high concentration of potassium ions on the other side of the membrane.
Sodium-potassium pump
macromolecule that is made of amino acids and is used for a wide variety of cellular tasks.
Protein
a long chain of sugars.
Starch
Made up of one sugar, one phosphate and one of five nitrogenous bases.
Nucleotide
a solution that has a lower concentration of water than the cytosol, like a cell in salt water.
Hypertonic solution
surrounding material with a cell membrane in order to bring it into the interior of the cell.
Endocytosis
chain of sugar molecules that are used as a structural component of plant cell walls.
Cellulose
organelle containing digestive enzymes
Lysosome
A structural lipid made from long-chain alcohols that have lipid chains attached to them
Wax
a solution that has a higher concentration of water than the cytosol, like a cell in fresh water.
Hypotonic solution
using the surrounding membrane as a means to push material out through the cell membrane to the exterior of the cell.
Exocytosis
building blocks for proteins
Amino acids
solid structure in the cell that helps give the cell shape and allows movement
Cytoskeleton