Biochemistry
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins
Identify the organelle responsible for energy production.
Mitochondria
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Water, sunlight (light energy), and CO2
What are the three parts of nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base, phosphate, and sugar
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt) results in what genotype ratio?
1:2:1
Name 2 functions of lipids.
Insulation, forming cell membranes, long-term energy
What is the function of the golgi body?
Modify, package, and ship proteins.
What are 2 main differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Bonus $100 question: How much ATP is produced in each?
What is the main function of DNA?
To store genetic information used to build proteins
In a plant where red flowers (R) are incompletely dominant over white flowers (r), what percentages of each phenotype will the offspring have from a cross of Rr x rr?
Red - 0%, Pink - 50%, White - 50%
I am a macromolecule that contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. I form enzymes and help build cell structures. What am I?
Protein
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
The sister chromatids pull apart towards either side of the cell.
What part of the chloroplast does the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis occur in?
Thylakoid
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Question for DOUBLE POINTS!
What is the function for each?
In a species of fish with red (R) and yellow (Y) scales showing codominance and heterozygous (RY) showing red and yellow patches of scales, what would be the percentages of the genotypes the offspring would have from a cross of RY x RY?
RR - 25%, RY - 50%, YY - 25%
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
By lowering the activation energy
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division.
What are the 3 steps of the cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence:
TAC - GAG - TTT - ACG - ACT
mRNA: AUG - CUC - AAA - UGC - UGA
Amino acids: met - leu - lys - cys - stop
If a person has blood type A (IAi) and another has blood type O (ii), what are the possible blood types of their offspring?
A - 50%, O - 50%
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The spot on the enzyme where the substrate fits.
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA Replication
Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis depend on one another.
What is the difference between point mutations and frameshift mutations?
Point mutations only change one codon - frameshift mutations can change the whole sequence due to deletion/insertion of a nitrogenous base.
What is the difference between a nonsense, missense, and silent mutation?
Nonsense - early stop codon
Missense - wrong amino acid in codon
Silent - wrong nitrogenous base in codon, right amino acid