Cells
What are 2 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Nucleoid region vs nucleus and no organelles vs organelles.
Name the organelle that contains digestive/hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
Describe the fluid mosaic model
Membrane is a fluid structure with many proteins embedded in it, and phospholipids constantly change positions in it.
What are the 2 types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis
What is a loci
Location of a gene on a chromosome
What type of microscope can be used to view MOST plant and animal cells?
Light microscope
What is the difference between cilia and flagella, and what is their general movement
Flagella tail zigzag, cilia hairs back and forth stroke
Peripheral vs integral proteins
Peripheral are on membrane surface or integral proteins, integral extend through the membrane
What is haploid vs diploid?
Haploid 4 half
Diploid 2 daughter
Describe what happens in anaphase 1 of meiosis
Sister chromatids remain attached and are pulled away from their homologues by kinetochore microtubules
Name 2 differences between plant and animal cells
Chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoles, ability to do photosynthesis
What are the 5 structures in the endomembrane system
Nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membranes.
What types of molecules can easily pass through the membrane and which cannot?
Hydrophobic yes
Hydrophilic no
large no
ions no
hydrocarbons yes
What happens if cells begin to replicate uncontrollably?
Cancer
Describe recombination
Shuffling of genes during meiosis 2 for increased diversity
What are the 4 basic characteristics that ALL cells have? (Includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells)
Plasma membrane, cytosol/plasm, chromosomes, Ribosomes
What are the 3 types of animal cell junctions? Describe them.
Tight junction: bound membranes
Desmosomes: Keratin Fasteners
Gap Junctions: cytoplasmic channels
Describe hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity and what each does to the cell
Hyper-too much solute around cell, cell shrinks
Hypo-too little solute around cell, cell swells
Iso-perfect
What are the 4 phases of cell cycle regulation and where are the checkpoints
Bonus 100 pts if you can name the phase where the cell exits the regulation cycle
G1 and checkpoint
S
G2
M and checkpoint before and after
Bonus G0
What are the steps of meiosis and mitosis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Describe the endosymbiont theory.
Endosymbiont theory
Name each organelle involved in protein synthesis and what its function is. Make sure you include organelles in the steps all the way from DNA to protein leaving the cell.
Nucleus, ribosome, ER, golgi, out
Describe the sodium potassium pump. Include direction of each ion and amount, and whether it is active or passive
3 Na out, 2 K in, active
What would happen to the chromosome count if a gamete went through mitosis instead of meiosis
Doubles in offspring
What is the difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes have same number but are not identical, sister chromatids are identical copy of one of those homologous chromosomes