Nature of Science
What do we call a testable prediction that describes a cause-and-effect relationship?
Hypothesis
In an experiment, what is the variable you deliberately change?
Independent variable
What six elements are essential for life?
What do we call the attraction between molecules of the same substance? (Ex: Water)
Cohesion
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?
Qualitative = descriptions; Quantitative = numbers
In an experiment, what is the variable that responds or is measured?
Dependent variable
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
Proton
What do we call the attraction between different substances? (Ex: Water to something else)
Adhesion
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What do we call an objective, verifiable observation (like “water boils at 100°C”)?
Fact
What is the purpose of constants in an experiment?
Keep conditions the same so only IV affects DV
Atoms bond to become stable by filling what?
Valence electron shells
What property allows water to resist temperature change?
High specific heat
Which macromolecule is never broken down for energy?
Nucleic acids
Which is more accurate: consistent but wrong measurements, or scattered measurements close to the real value?
Scattered but close = accurate, not precise
What do we call the group without experimental treatment that is used for comparison?
Control group
What is formed when an atom loses an electron? Gains one?
Cation; Anion
What weak bonds form between different water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins provide?
4, 9, 4
What do we call broad concepts that describe patterns in nature?
Law
Why do repeated trials improve an experiment?
Reduce error, improve precision, eliminate chance results
Why can life exist under frozen lakes?
Ice is less dense than liquid water and floats
A molecule with uneven charge distribution that dissolves in water is called what?
Polar molecule
In what order does the body use macromolecules for energy?
Carbs then lipids then proteins