fermentation vs. aerobic respiration
All of the following are true regarding aerobic respiration AND fermentation EXCEPT:
1. the final electron acceptor in respiration is pyruvate
2. aerobic respiration can yield much more ATP than fermentation
3. fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, whereas aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen
4. NAD+ is the oxidizing molecule (it becomes reduced to NADH+) for respiration and fermentation
5. both pathways use glycolysis to oxidize glucose
1. the final electron acceptor in respiration is pyruvate
What do biochemists call the protein pump that hydrogen ions (H+) cross going down a concentration gradient to cause ADP to phosphorylate to ATP by attaching a phosphate?
1. Complex 1
2. Krebs cycle
3. Potassium pump
4. ATP synthase
5. cytochrome c
4. ATP synthase
The ATP produced during fermentation is generated by which of the following?
1. oxidative phosphorylation
2. the citric acid cycle
3. chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain
4. glycolysis and substrate-level phosphorylation
5. the linkage reaction and the Krebs cycle
4. glycolysis and substrate-level phosphorylation
Glycolysis occurs in the __________, while the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the ______________ of the cell.
1. phospholipid bilayer; nucleus
2. mitochondria; Golgi apparatus
3. matrix; cytosol
4 mitochondria; cytosol
5. cytosol; mitochondria
5. cytosol; mitochondria
Some organisms can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the availability of oxygen. These organisms are known as:
1. methanogens
2. sulfur reducing bacteria
3. facultative anaerobes
4. obligate anaerobes
3. facultative anaerobes
Which is true of aerobic respiration but NOT true of fermentation?
1. Pyruvate is produced
2 Water is produced
3. ATP is produced
4. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is produced
2 Water is produced
The pathway below represents the three major processes in aerobic respiration:
glucose --> process A -->process B --> process C --> CO2 + H2O + 28-38 ATP
Pathway C represents:
1. glycolysis
2. the Krebs cycle
3. oxidative phosphorylation
4. the linkage reaction
3. oxidative phosphorylation
After strenuous exercise with limited oxygen, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______________ and increased amounts of ___________.
1, lactic acid; ATP
2. ATP; lactic acid
3. glucose; ATP
4. ATP; glucose
5. carbon dioxide; pyruvic acid
2. ATP; lactic acid
Which of the PRODUCTS of the citric acid cycle drive the electron transport chain by providing protons (H+s) and electrons?
1. NADH and FADH2
2. NAD+ and FAD+
3. ATP and pyruvate
4. acetyl CoA and CO2
1. NADH and FADH2
In two types of fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to either lactate or alcohol so that:
1. NAD+ can be oxidized to NADH
2. carbohydrates can be produced
3. oxygen can be produced
4. NADH can be regenerated to NAD+
4. NADH can be regenerated to NAD+
TRUE OR FALSE: Fermentation is just as efficient at producing ATP molecules as oxidative phosphorylation.
FALSE
Most of the energy during cellular respiration is harvested during:
1. the Krebs cycle
2. anaerobic respiration
3. oxidative phosphorylation
4. glycolysis
3. oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
1. alcohol fermentation
2. sulfate reduction
3. all of the choices are correct
4. lactic acid fermentation
4. lactic acid fermentation
TRUE OR FALSE: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids can all eventually make their way into the citric acid cycle.
TRUE
During cellular respiration, most of the ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of:
1. protons (H+) flowing through a specialized channel
2. sodium ions diffusing across a membrane
3. electrons flowing against a gradient
4. neutrons flowing through a specialized channel
1. protons (H+) flowing through a specialized channel
In lactic acid fermentation, as pyruvate is __________ to form lactate, NADH is ____________ to form NAD+
1. hydrolyzed, dehydrated
2. reduced, oxidized
3. oxygenated, deoxygenated
4. oxidized, reduced
2. reduced, oxidized
In the electron transport chain, there are a series of protein enzyme complexes that use the electrons donated from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 to NAD+ and FAD+ for energy. The energy from these electrons can then drive ___________ through these complexes into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion, creating an electrochemical gradient.
1 sodium and potassium ions
2 oxygen ions
3. negative ions
4. H+ ions
5. glucose
4. H+ ions
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is:
1. light
2. glucose
3. water
4. carbon dioxide
5. oxygen
5. oxygen
All of the following are true of alcohol fermentation EXCEPT:
1. it is used in production of biofuels
2. it produces alcohol
3. it produces CO2
4. it makes bread rise
5. it produces lactic acid
5. it produces lactic acid