Basic Chemistry
Cellular Structures
Macromolecules
Enzymes
Cellular Energy
100
What are the three parts of an atom?
proton, neutron, electron
100
What is the function of mitochondria?
Extract energy from food
100
What are the four macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
100
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
protein
100
What kind of energy is used by cells?
ATP
200
How many binding sites does Carbon have?
4
200
What is the purpose of the nucleus?
Stores genetic material
200
What are the singular units of each type macromolecules called? 
carbohydrates: monosaccharides


lipids: fatty acids

proteins: amino acids

nucleic acids: nucleotides

200
How does an enzyme increase the reaction rate?
Lowers activation energy by putting substrate into the correct orientation
200
What materials are needed in photosynthesis?

sunlight, water, CO2

300
Name the three types of bonds.
covalent, hydrogen, ionic
300
What do the smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum produce?
Smooth: lipids

Rough: proteins

300
What is are true examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
300
What is competitive inhibition?
Inhibitor binds in the active site
300
What materials are needed in glycolysis?
glucose and oxygen
400
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar?
Polar: uneven distribution of electrons

Nonpolar: even distribution of electrons

400
What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
Plant cells: have cell wall and chloroplasts

Animal cells: have cell membrane and mitochondria

400
What are the chemical components of nucleic acids?
phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base
400
What is noncompetitive inhibition?
Inhibitor binds to alternate site and changes the conformation of the active site
400
Why does glycolysis take place?
to break down food into energy
500
What elements form hydrogen bonds?
hydrogen and oxygen/nitrogen/fluorine 
500
Why do cells have a cytoskeleton?
support cell shape, allow movement of organelles
500
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats have a double bond, resulting in a bent structure
500
How does a large amount of substrate effect the reaction rate?
Large amounts of substrate increase the reaction rate
500
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy: energy of motion

Potential energy: stored energy

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