The Early Days
The process that moves populations AWAY from HWE by introducing new alleles to a population and changing genotype frequencies
What is Migration?
f(L) represents what?
What is the L allele frequency?
The part of a phylogeny that contains an ancestor and all descendants, is defined by shared derived characteristics, and reflects shared evolutionary history is a...
What is a clade?
This type of organism stains purple when viewed under the microscope...
What is a gram-positive organism?
This is what you do when HWE calculations indicate that p<0.05 (statistically significant).
What is REJECT the null hypothesis?
f(LL), f(Ll) and f(ll) represent what?
What are genotype frequencies?
Name a species concept AND explain what that concept believes:
Accepted Answers:
Biological Species Concept- same species if they breed together
Morphological Species Concept- same species if they look alike
Phylogenetic Species Concept- same species if they share clade/monophyletic
Unified Species Concept- same species if share morphology, phylogeny, and can mate; combination of other concepts.
This is a cell wall quality that is present in Bacteria but NOT Archaea...
What is peptidoglycan?
This is the property detected by a gram stain which is thick in Gram + and thin in Gram - organisms...
Bottleneck Effect and Founders Effect are examples of this process.
What is genetic drift?
What is the name of the test we use to determine if the population is in HWE?
What is a Chi Squared Test? (X^2)
These organisms produce the majority of earth's oxgen and are mostly aquatic...
Transduction, Conjugation, and Transformation are examples of this process used by bacteria...
What is Horizontal/Lateral Gene Transfer?
This is the cell wall component that Gram Negative organisms have which Gram Positive do not...
Periplasmic Space AND Double Membranes (IM and OM)
Which mechanism explains the following situation: Hybrid panthers are more resistant to parasites, so they produce more offspring than purebred panthers.
What is Selection?
P + Q =?
What are the 3 steps for acquiring a new species?
What is
1. interruption/reduction of gene flow;
2. divergence of the new populations via selection, drift, and/or mutations;
3. and accumulation of sufficient changes so that upon secondary contact, gene flow may not be re-established.
Suppose you add oxygen to a flask with a facultative anaerobe, what would happen?
What is the 'bacteria will shift to aerobic respiration conditions in the presence of oxygen'?
This system/process allows bacterium to communicate with one another when they are in large numbers, demonstrating a GROUP behavior...
What is Quorum Sensing?
What are the two requirements of a scientific hypothesis?
What is it must be falsifiable and testable?
Is the population in HWE?
Frequency of LL: 51/143 = 0.357
f(l): f(ll) + ½f(Ll) = 22/143 + ½(70/143) = 0.399
Observed Expected
LL = 51 LL = 0.6012(143) = 51.65
Ll = 70 Ll = 2(0.601)(0.399)(143) = 68.58
f(ll) = 22 ll = 0.3992(143) = 22.77
χ2 = (51-51.65)2/51.65 + (70-68.58)2/68.58 + (22-22.77)2/22.77
χ2 = 0.008 + 0.029 + 0.026 = 0.063
0.63 < 3.84 → Yes, the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Bird wings and bat wings are ______ while bones in both types of wings are ______.
Analogous; homologous
Mitochondria and Chloroplast are explained by the ____ theory which explains that mitochondria arose from ____ and chloroplast arose from ____.
What is the endosymbiont theory/hypothesis; proteobacteria; cyanobacterium?
Archaeal cell walls have ___ bonds which help them stay protected from harsh conditions in a way that Bacteria and Eukaryotes may not...
What are ETHER bonds?