Intro to Evolution
T/F: Microevolution is within the same species.
True!
Elephants in the Gorongosa reserve have evolved NOT to have tusks. What type of selection yielded this?
Artificial selection
What mechanism of evolution was at play for the Galapagos finches when they first left the mainland?
Founder effect
Is HWE theoretical or always accurate?
Theoretical
What are the two main species concepts?
Biological and Morphological
A bacteria is exposed to antibiotics, so it chooses a mutation that is resistant to those antibiotics. What is wrong with this statement?
Mutations are not produced in response to a need
What are two sources of genetic variation that occur in meiosis?
Independent assortment and crossing over
What is convergent evolution?
Traits that are similar, but evolved independently: evolve due to environmental pressure rather than inheritance
What does 2pq represent?
The frequency of the heterozygous genotype
A strawberry is hybridized with another, larger strawberry to have twice its original number of chromosomes. What type of speciation is this?
Sympatric speciation
What are the four main lines of evidence for evolution?
Microevolution, Homology, Biogeography, and the Fossil Record
List two reasons why females are choosy in their male partners.
Differential investment into gamete production, limited eggs, and level of parental involvement
A forest has a population of red thistles. Some pollen from a distant meadow is brought by an insect and fertilizes a red thistle in the forest. What mechanism of evolution is this an example of?
Gene flow
A species of rat has two fur colors: red and black. The black coloration is dominant over the red, there are 42 of each fur color, and the frequency of the red allele is 0.3. Assuming HWE, which genotype occurs most frequently in the populations?
Describe 3 prezygotic isolating mechanisms.
Habitat, Temporal, Behavioral, Mechanical, or Gametic
How do homologous features differ from analogous features?
Homologous -> common ancestor
Analgous -> Convergent evolution
A female bird watches two males competing for an opportunity to mate with her. What type(s) of selection are at play here?
Intrasexual and intersexual selection
Which misconception about evolution is disproven by the anatomy of the vertebrate eye?
NS produces perfect organisms
Which term in the following equations represents an individual who will display a recessive phenotype?
p + q = 1
p^2 + 2pq +q^2 = 1
q^2: this is a diploid individual with 2 copies of the recessive allele
Describe the difference between the two types of allopatric speciation.
Vicariance: a change in geography creating isolation
Anatomical, Developmental, Molecular, Vestigial
What are the 3 ingredients for Natural Selection?
Individual variation, heritable variation, differential reproductive success
Say you have a population of 1000 lizards in a forest. 40 of them are relocated to another forest. Would the new population:
1) Have more or less alleles than the original pop.?
2) Be more, less, or as diverse as the original pop.?
They would be less diverse and have less alleles
List all assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Model.
1) Large population size
2) No gene flow
3) No mutation
4) No sexual selection
5) No NS
A tulip is hybridized with a lily. F1 is healthy, but F2 accumulates some mutations. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is this?
Hybrid breakdown