Mendelian Genetics
The scientist known as the father of genetics who studied inheritance in pea plants.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The genotype of an organism carrying one dominant and one recessive allele.
What is heterozygous (Aa)?
The inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype, such as pink flowers from red and white parents.
What is incomplete dominance?
The three components of a DNA nucleotide
What are a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
The enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is described by this term.
What is homozygous?
The percentage of offspring with genotype aa in the cross Aa × Aa.
What is 25%?
The inheritance pattern in which both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.
What is codominance?
These repetitive DNA sequences protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and become shorter with repeated rounds of DNA replication.
What are telomeres?
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA by adding nucleotides.
What is DNA polymerase?
The observable characteristics of an organism, such as purple flowers or tall stems.
What is phenotype?
The possible gametes produced by an individual with genotype AaBb, assuming independent assortment.
What are AB, Ab, aB, and ab?
The inheritance pattern demonstrated by the human ABO blood group, which has three common alleles.
What are multiple alleles?
The type of chemical bond that forms the sugar-phosphate backbone.
What is phosphodiester bond?
The short DNA segments synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Mendel's principle stating that two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation.
What is the law of segregation?
The expected phenotypic ratio from AaBb × AaBb, assuming complete dominance and independent assortment.
What is 9:3:3:1?
The term for a single gene influencing several different traits.
What is pleiotropy?
This DNA repair mechanism removes a damaged section of DNA and replaces it using the undamaged complementary strand as a template.
What is excision repair?
The term describing DNA replication in which each daughter DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand
What is semiconservative replication?
In a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa × Aa), the expected phenotypic ratio under complete dominance.
What is 3:1?
A purple-flowered plant (P_) is crossed with pp, producing 50% purple and 50% white offspring. Identify the purple parent's genotype.
What is Pp?
(This is a test cross)
In a cross between two pink snapdragons (RW × RW), with incomplete dominance, the expected phenotypic ratio of red, pink, and white offspring.
What is 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white?
The term describing how DNA's two strands run in opposite 5′ to 3′ directions.
What is antiparallel?
The reason DNA is synthesized continuously on the leading strand but in fragments on the lagging strand.
What is DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to a 3′ end, so DNA synthesis proceeds only 5′ to 3′?