Scientists/Atoms
Chargaff's Rule
A = T
C = G
What is diffusion
Movement of substances down their concentration gradient, no energy required
What organelle regulates the passage of things into and outside of a cell?
Cell (plasma) membrane
What step of cellular respiration means to split sugar?
Glycolysis
What are the steps of interphase? When does the DNA replicate?
G1
S - DNA replicates
G2
Father of Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
What is active transport? What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
Movement against a concentration gradient. Uses energy
Endo - inside
Exo - outside
What organelles is the site of photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What are the reactants and products in cellular respiration?
Reactants - C6H12O6 (sugar) and oxygen
Products - CO2, water and energy
What separates in meiosis 1? What separates in meiosis 2?
How many cell divisions occur in meiosis? What type of cells are produced?
1 - homologous chromosomes
2 - sister chromatids
2 division, 4 haploid cells (gametes)
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
What is facilitated diffusion? How is it different than diffusion?
Movement down a concentration gradient using protein carriers. No energy is used
What is the job of ribosomes? Where are they found in a cell (4 locations)
Protein synthesis
Cytoplasm, RER, mitochondria and chloroplast
What are the reactants and products in photosynthesis?
Reactants - energy (light) CO2, H2O
Products - C6H12O6 (sugar) and 02
alleles
2 (diploid)
What are the three subatomic particles. What is the charge of each and where are they found in an atom?
Protons - positive
Neutrons - neutral
Electrons - negative
Nucleus - protons and neutrons
Outer shell - electrons
hypo - cell swells
hyper - cell shrinks
iso - stable
Site of cellular respiration: Power house of a cell
Mitochondria
What is ATP? What is the structure?
Energy currency of a cell (all types of energy - chemical, transport, mechanical)
Adenine, ribose, three phosphate
Steps of the cell cycle (Mitosis)
What happens in each step?
Interphase
Prophase - Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Prometaphase nuclear membrane breaks down Anaphase - chromatids begin to separate
Telophase - Chromatids reach opposite ends, nuclear membrane reforms
Cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm
What 3 scientists helped to discover the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin - XRay
What are the 4 main macromolecules? What are the building blocks of each?
Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Carbs - monosaccharides
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
How are plant and animal cells different?
Plants have cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole, go through photosynthesis
Animals go through cellular respiration
What are the steps of aerobic (cellular) respiration? Which step produces the most ATP? How much net ATP is produced per 1 molecule glucose?
Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl CoA, Kreb's Cycle, ETC
ETC most ATP
38 Net ATP
What do the following terms mean:
Semiconservative
antiparallel
Semi conservative - parent strand serves as a template for a new strand, 1 old, 1 new
Antiparallel - 2 strands of DNA run in opposite directions.