Community Ecology (ch.8 & 10)
Biodiversity I
Biodiversity II
Human Populations I
Human Populations II
100
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor? A. rock B. mineral composition of soil C. rainfall D. bacterium E. All of the above are abiotic factors.
D. bacterium
100
The total number of different species on Earth: a.is unknown, but insects are the most numerous species. b.is a few million, mostly bacteria and fungi. c.is more than 20 million, with half of them being plants. d.is less than 1 million, mostly vertebrates.
a.is unknown, but insects are the most numerous species
100
What is the largest human-caused threat to biodiversity? A. pollution B. introduction of invasive species C. illegal trade of animal body parts D. habitat destruction E. fair trade practices
D. habitat destruction
100
. The percentage increase of a population size over time is known as its ________. A. population momentum B. crude birth rate C. life expectancy D. growth rate E. total fertility rate
D. growth rate
100
As a country’s economy changes from preindustrial to postindustrial, low birth and death rates replace high birth and death rates. This phenomenon is known as _____________. A. replacement fertility rate B. demographic transition C. zero population growth D. total fertility rate E. population densities
B. demographic transition
200
All of the following can be found in the biosphere EXCEPT ________. A. the ozone layer B. soil C. fish D. rocks E. All of these are part of the biosphere.
A. the ozone layer
200
Which of the following types of diversity describes a tropical island with mountain, river, forest, and beach habitats? a. Genetic diversity b. Species diversity c. Ecological diversity d. Island size does not affect its diversity.
c. Ecological diversity
200
Biodiversity is important in a population because: A. individuals in that population need a variety of mates. B. it allows the population to be more resistant to disruptions. C. it increases the populations vulnerability to extinction. D. it increases the chances that each member of the population will be identical to each other. E. it measures the species’ richness but not the genetic diversity in the population and is therefore a great predictor of ecosystem stability.
B. it allows the population to be more resistant to disruptions.
200
A graph that shows human population size over the course of human history: a.s a line that has steadily increased at a constant rate. b.produces an undulating curve that rises and falls repeatedly, with our current population similar in size to past peaks. c.resembles a J-shaped curve—flat at first, with a rapid upward rise since about 1800. d.is an S-shaped curve—flat at first, then increasing rapidly for a few hundred years and then leveling off in the past 50 years
c.resembles a J-shaped curve—flat at first, with a rapid upward rise since about 1800.
200
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the global growth rate surged as a result of the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s? A. greater use of vaccines B. access to cleaner water C. improved nutrition D. improvements to the educational system E. All of the above contributed to the surging growth rate.
D. improvements to the educational system
300
Which factors must be considered to create an ecosystem? A. limiting factors, like organic matter B. animals and plants C. abiotic factors, like streams and soil D. all of the above E. none of the above
D. all of the above
300
Which population would be the most likely to survive a disturbance in their ecosystem? A. one with high genetic diversity B. one with low genetic diversity C. one with no genetic diversity
A. one with high genetic diversity
300
If new ecosystems can replace collapsed ecosystems, why are people still concerned with ecosystem destruction? A. They are not concerned. B. New ecosystems typically do not form fast enough to prevent ecosystem services loss. C. The new ecosystem will be just like the old and will collapse again. D. The same species will not repopulate the new ecosystem. E. It costs a lot of money to replace ecosystems.
B. New ecosystems typically do not form fast enough to prevent ecosystem services loss.
300
Which of the following is TRUE regarding values for demographic factors between more and less developed countries? A. Developed countries have higher total fertility rates. B. Life expectancy in developing countries is higher. C. Infant mortality rates are lower in developing countries. D. Crude birth rates are higher in developing countries. E. Life expectancy is higher in developing countries.
D. Crude birth rates are higher in developing countries.
300
Which of the following would NOT be a useful approach to helping a country reach zero population growth? A. identifying reasons why birth rates are high B. increasing educational opportunities for women C. increasing access to family planning programs and access to contraceptives D. educating men and providing them with job opportunities E. providing better maternal and infant health care
D. educating men and providing them with job opportunities
400
Populations that have a _______ range of tolerance and are _______ genetically diverse have a greater chance of surviving a change to their environment. A. narrow; more B. narrow; less C. broad; more D. broad; less E. small; less
C. broad; more
400
What is NOT an example of an ecosystem service? A. fuel made from forest materials B. water purification C. decomposition of organic material D. camping E. All of the above are examples of ecosystem services.
E. All of the above are examples of ecosystem services.
400
What personal choice would NOT protect Earth’s biodiversity? A. buying captive-bred birds B. planting a rain garden in a ditch by the road C. limiting the use of weed killer on your lawn D. always buying the cheapest product, no matter how it was farmed E. joining a local wildlife monitoring group
D. always buying the cheapest product, no matter how it was farmed
400
All of the following are pronatalist pressures except: a.A child is part of the family labor pool. b.There is a high infant mortality rate. c.Contraceptives are not available. d.Women have many opportunities to participate in the workforce.
d.Women have many opportunities to participate in the workforce.
400
Which statement is FALSE? A. More and less developed countries have similar values for demographic factors. B. Desired family size is one of the best predictors of actual fertility. C. The need for labor is a common pronatalist pressure in agrarian societies. D. Total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has in the course of her lifetime. E. A high infant mortality rate contributes to higher fertility.
A. More and less developed countries have similar values for demographic factors.
500
Which of the following groups feed on all of the other groups? A. decomposers B. producers C. primary consumers D. secondary consumers E. tertiary consumers
A. decomposers
500
Which of the following does NOT directly contribute to biodiversity loss? a. Habitat loss in tropical hotspots b. Invasive species in areas with high endemism c. Synthetic drugs derived from plants d. Fragmentation of habitat
c. Synthetic drugs derived from plants
500
Why are many of the biodiversity hotspots around the world on islands? a.Islands accumulate species from many different areas. b.Populations of island species are isolated. c.Islands have more diverse habitats. d.There are more niches on islands.
b.Populations of island species are isolated.
500
Zero population growth occurs when the population reaches: A. demographic transition. B. the replacement fertility rate. C. the total fertility rate. D. the infant mortality rate. E. population momentum.
B. the replacement fertility rate.
500
What is the ultimate population question? A. Is the carrying capacity 7 billion people? B. Is the carrying capacity 9 billion people? C. Should China continue their one-child policy? D. What is the acceptable quality of life? E. Is population growth linked to climate change?
D. What is the acceptable quality of life?
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