Organelles
These organelles are the sites of protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
This network of membranes is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Name a disorder caused by defective lysosomes, leading to a build-up of molecules in cells.
What is Tay-Sachs?
Name the phase of mitosis where chromosomes first become visible and the spindle begins to form.
What is Prophase?
Meiosis produces cells with how many sets of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?
What is one set (haploid)?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This organelle helps in the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
What is the centrosome?
Name a disorder caused by defects in ribosome production or function, often affecting facial or skeletal development.
What is Treacher Collins Syndrome or Baraitser-Winter Syndrome?
Name the phase where sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
What is Metaphase?
Name the process in Prophase I where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA.
What is crossing over?
These small, membrane-bound sacs transport molecules within the cell.
What are vesicles?
This organelle produces ATP by breaking down glucose and other molecules, fueling the cell’s activities.
What is the mitochondrion?
Name a disorder caused by mutations affecting nuclear structure or DNA repair, often resulting in premature aging or widespread cellular dysfunction.
What is Progeria?
Name the phase where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
What is Anaphase?
Name the phase where homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.
What is Anaphase I?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste and foreign material.
What is a lysosome?
This organelle has ribosomes attached and helps in protein synthesis.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Name a disorder caused by defective ER/Golgi trafficking or microtubule assembly, affecting muscles, nerves, or other systems.
What is Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome or MOPII?
Name the phase where the nuclear envelope reforms and the cell begins to divide its cytoplasm.
What is Telophase?
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis. What is being separated during this division?
What are Sister chromatids?
These structures form a network in the cytoplasm to maintain cell shape and assist in intracellular transport.
What is the cytoskeleton?
This organelle produces hydrogen peroxide while breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.
What is a peroxisome?
Name a disorder caused by mutations that affect multiple tissues and systems, often resulting in hormone-related or pigmentation abnormalities.
What is McCune-Albright Syndrome or Cohen Syndrome?
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear?
What is Prometaphase?
Name an error that can occur during meiosis, where chromosomes fail to separate properly, often leading to genetic disorders like Down syndrome.
What is Nondisjunction?