Water
Carbon
Macromolecules
The Cell
Misc.
100
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of ________.
H3O+
100
If an element has three electron shells, in which shell are the valence electrons found?
The orbital farthest from the nucleus
100
When a protein is unfolded, it is said to be _______.
Denatured
100
Which cell has properties better suited for the metabolic needs of diffusing substances most rapidly from the interior to the exterior (and vice versa)?
A cell with a volume significantly greater than its surface area
100
The high specific heat and cohesive forces characteristic of water are a result of _______.
Hydrogen bonding between water molcules
200
A molecule or an area of a molecule that has a strong aversion to water is considered _______.
Hydrophobic
200
Oleic acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms in the acyl chain. There are two isomers of oleic acid: cis-oleic acid and trans-oleic acid. What type of isomers are these two molecules?
Geometric isomers
200
In the formation of a macromolecule polymer, what type of reaction joins two monomers together.
Condensation/dehydration reaction
200
To generate a solution that is hypertonic to a cell, you would need to make sure the solute concentration of the solution is ________ the solute concentration in the cell. A. Greater than B. Less than C. Equal to
A. Greater Than
200
A general term for membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells that have a specialized function is ________.
An organelle
300
The high specific heat of cohesive forces characteristic of water are a result of ______.
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
300
What property of carbon allows it to form large complex molecules?
It has four valence electrons
300
Monomers in DNA/RNA are linked by _______ bonds, while monomers in proteins are linked by _______ bonds.
Phosphodiester and peptide
300
Facilitated diffusion is a form of __________.
Passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse by means of carrier proteins
300
Which of the following statements about hydrophilic molecules is false? A. Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oils B. Hydrophilic molecules are often soluble in water C. Hydrophilic molecules are polar D. Hydrophilic molecules often have numerous functional groups
A. Hydrophilic molecules are often found in oils
400
A hydrogen atom can form a hydrogen bond when covalently bonded to which of the following atoms? A. Hydrogen B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Carbon
B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen
400
This is the structural formula for glutathione. Which functional groups are shown in this molecule? http://simillimum.co.nz/blog/category/natural-medicine/amino-acids/ 1. Sulfhydryl 2. Hydroxyl 3. Methyl 4. Phosphate 5. Carboxyl 6. Amino 7. Carbonyl
1. Sulfhydryl 5. Carboxyl 6. Amino 7. Carbonyl
400
A transmembrane protein in which a hydrophobic region spans the hydrophobic interior of a lipid bilayer is ________.
Integral membrane protein
400
Which sequence of flow through a cell could occur in the secretion of proteins from a pathogenic bacterium? 1. Golgi -> lysosome -> plasma membrane -> secretion of of cell 2. Ribosome -> secretion out of cell 3. Golgi -> rough ER -> plasma membrane -> secretion out of cell
2. Ribosome -> Secretion out of cell
400
You are trying to characterize an unknown enzyme. When you add the enzyme to a test tube with 10 mg of glucose, you notice that the amount of glucose decreases over time, but the amount of starch polymers increase. This enzyme most likely forms what bonds, and by what process?
Glycosidic bonds by condensation/dehydration reaction
500
When sugars and fats are metabolized to release energy for an organism, approximately 38% of the energy is converted into usable energy, while 62% is lost as heat. What property of water acts to keep temperature levels in the cell from raising to dangerous levels?
High specific heat
500
Consider this molecule http://study.com/academy/lesson/hydroxyl-group-definition-structure-quiz.html How many carbons are in this structure? How many hydrogens?
6 carbons 12 Hydrogens
500
Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? A. proteins and carbohydrates B. nucleic acids and proteins C. phospholipids and proteins D. phospholipids and carbohydrates E. proteins and cholesterol
C. phospholipids and proteins
500
Cells have a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of these are part of the cytoskeleton except: A. Nuclear envelope B. Microfilaments C. intermediate filaments D. Microtubules
A. Nuclear Envelope
500
Why do fatty acids have limited solubility in aqueous solutions?
Most of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages
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