Unit 1
______ is an organism that obtains energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms
chemoheterotroph
Primary growth occurs where?
Apical Meristem
What is an essential nutrient?
A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by an organism.
The endocrine system is ____ acting, but _____ lasting
slow; long
______ in the inner ear allows us to detect gravity
Otoliths
What is a structure that is found in most bacteria, but is not present in most protists?
A cell wall
What is the primary function of gibberellins?
Seed germination
Where does most enzymatic hydrolysis of the macromolecules of food occur?
Small intestine
The _____ Pituitary stores hormones made by the hypothalamus, while the ______ Pituitary makes and releases its own hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus.
Posterior; Anterior
________ receptors sense physical deformation caused by stimuli such as pressure, stretch, motion, and sound (vibration).
Mechanoreceptors
True or false. Dinoflagellates are mixotrophs, cause red tides, produce toxins that can kill invertebrates and fishes, have two flagella, and when they die their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as filtering material?
False
A plant cell with a solute potential of -.40MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a solute potential of -.25MPa and is an open container. What do we know about the cell?
The cell has a pressure potential of +.15 MPa
What causes the contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm and ribs?
Inhalation (which expands the lungs)
The process in membrane potential where sodium channels are closing and potassium channels are opening is referred to as________.
repolarization
The ________ is the center of the visual
field and contains no rods, but a high
density of cones.
Fovea
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
Gastrulation
True or false. The pollen grain contains two cells, a sperm cell and a generative cell.
False
What is the function of cytotoxic T Cells?
To Lyse cells that have been infected with viruses
What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?
Temporal summation is when two or more ESPSs occur in rapid succession to overcome the threshold potential (depolarization) resulting in action potential. The Spatial summation is when two or more ESPSs occur in close proximity (almost at the same time) to overcome the threshold potential (depolarization)
What are the five taste perceptions in mammals?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (elicited by glutamate; MSG)
What is an evolutionary innovation that first appears with the annelids.
Segmentation
This term refers to the reflecting and absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric methane, carbon dioxide, and water.
Greenhouse affect
As filtrate moves down the loops of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid has a ______ osmolarity than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate
higher; water
What is the function of the Wernicke's area? When would it be active?
It interprets language, therefore it is active when speech is heard.
_____ are light sensitive, but do not distinguish color.
Rods