Carbohydrates
The subunit monomer that makes up carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
The monomer subunits of proteins.
What are amino acids
The scientific name for fats derived from containing three sugar molecules
What is triglyceride?
The monomers that make up nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
Enzymes are this type of biomolecule
What are proteins?
The 3 types of carbohydrates used by plants and animals
What are sugars, starches, glycogen? (fiber and chitin are acceptable too)
The type of bond linking amino acids
What are peptide bonds
The two types of fatty acids depending on whether they have a double bond of carbon or not.
What are saturated and unsaturated fats?
The three structural components of a nucleic acid.
What are a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
Enzymes lower this type of energy required for reactions to occur.
What is activation energy?
The two types of 1-4 glycosidic linkages used when combining glucose
The four structural features of amino acids
What are an amino group, a carboxyl group, a central carbon, and a unique R group.
This type of fat is hydrophobic and therefore packs more tightly together causing it to be a solid at room temperature
What are saturated fats?
The four nucleotides present in DNA.
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine?
What is the active site?
The term for the structural difference between glycogen and starch which allows the glycogen to be used as energy more quickly.
What is branching?
The type of bonds that help a protein form its secondary level of structure
What are hydrogen bonds?
The process by which trans fat is created, named through the process of adding hydrogen.
What is hydrogenation?
This first type of bond links the nucleotides together in a row while the second type links pairs of nucleotides across strands of DNA.
What are covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?
Molecules that prevent enzymes from performing their function by combing to the active site.
What are competitive inhibitors?
The type of glycosidic linkage used in cellulose to create the wall like structures of plant cells.
What is a 1-6 glycosidic linkage?
The process by which bonds in proteins are broken and therefore have a different structure
What is denaturation?
The chemical quality of the interior of the bilayer of phospholipid which does not like water.
What is hydrophobic?
This shift in the DNA's replication process causes the incorrect base to be inserted and therefore leads to mutation.
What is tautomeric shift?
The process by which a phosphate group is added to the enzymes, thus changing the properties of the enzyme to prevent or improve performance.