Transport and Energy
the ability to do work or create change
energy
What is the main pigment used in photosynthesis that Absorbs blue-violet and red light from sunlight?
chlorophyll a
What part of cell respiration can run without oxygen?
only glycolusis
has 2 cell divisions: 1 + 2
meiosis
what is the amount of energy required to start a reaction?
activation energy
equal amounts of solutes in and outside of the cell
isotonic
Where does photosynthesis take place? be specific
Chloroplast (stroma and thylakoids)
Where does cell respiration take place?
Mitochondria
division of the nucleus, creates 2 identical cells
mitosis
What does anaerobic mean?
a reaction that takes place without oxygen
movement of water across a membrane with the help of aquaporins
osmosis
____ generates the energy in photosynthesis to make the bonds in _____
sunlight makes the bonds in glucose
Energy from breaking covalent bonds releases ____ _____, the energy from these are used to make ___
energized electrons make ATP
to reproduce sexually, reduces the # of chromosomes to haploid, so we get diploid individuals after fertilization
Meiosis
what surrounds all cells and is made up of the phospholipid bilayer, includes: proteins, cholesterol, glycoporteins, glycolipids
Plasma Membrane
type of reaction that breaks down large organic molecules into smaller molecules and chemical energy from bonds is released
catabolic/exergonic reactions
Name the overall inputs and outputs of cell photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Name the overall inputs and outputs of cell respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
What step of mitosis occurs when spindle fibers shorten toward the poles, sister chromatids pull apart and move toward the poles
anaphase
What is a arm of a chromosome called?
chromatid
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
Name the steps of photosynthesis in order:
Light reactions then Calvin cycle
Name the 3 steps of cellular respiration in order:
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, then oxidative phosphorylation
What phase of meiosis occurs when the sister chromtids line up in the middle?
Metaphase 2
What organelle organizes the microtubules of the mitotic spindle, and how many are there?
centrosomes, 2