Organization & Regulation
Which of the following is a question about physiology?
Is it true that apes do not have fleshy tails like monkeys?
Do baleen whales have teeth?
Are there any living birds with claws on the ends of their wings?
Do salamanders and frogs have the same number of toes on their front feet?
How is blood pressure affected by physical activity?
What is How is blood pressure affected by physical activity?
Ligaments are what kind of connective tissue?
a type of cartilage connective tissue
a type of loose connective tissue
a type of fibrous connective tissue
specialized for holding bone to muscle
a type of adipose connective tissue
what is a type of fibrous connective tissue.
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the __________ with the action of __________.
stomach … hydrochloric acid
stomach … salivary amylase
mouth … salivary amylase
small intestine … pancreatic amylase
small intestine … lipase
what is
mouth … salivary amylase
An open circulatory system __________.
unlike a closed circulatory system, does not rely on muscle contraction
restricts the backflow of blood by valves in the trachea
has no valves
is less common in crabs and beetles than in mice and snakes
allows interstitial fluid , called hemolymph, to mix freely with vascular fluid
what is allows interstitial fluid , called hemolymph, to mix freely with vascular fluid
In humans, the first line of defense against infection is __________.
adaptive immunity
the inflammatory response
the humeral response
the skin and mucous membranes
the cell-mediated response
what is the skin and mucous membranes
The term "endotherm" refers specifically to __________.
an animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism
an animal that temporarily abandons warm-bloodedness
a cold-blooded animal
a warm-blooded animalan animal that regulates its body temperature by its behavior
what is an animal that gets most of it's body heat from its metabolism
Which of the following are connective tissues?
red blood cells and neurons
cartilage, bone, and epithelium
bone, blood, and skin
adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood
adipose tissue, dense and loose connective tissues, and neurons
what is adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood
How is the stomach lining protected from the strongly acidic pH of its contents?
Bile neutralizes the acid soon after it enters the stomach.
Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach.
It releases a hormone called gastrin, which stops gastric juice secretion.
Parietal cells secrete a protective buffer to neutralize hydrochloric acid.
The acid is neutralized quickly when it combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin.
what is Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach.
Which chamber(s) of a human heart receive(s) and pump(s) oxygenated blood?
right atrium and right ventricle
left atrium only
left ventricle and left atrium
left ventricle only
left atrium and right atrium
left ventricle and left atrium
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?
They secrete lysozyme.
They stimulate antibody production.
They attack virus-infected body cells.
They are the two types of phagocytic cells in the mammalian body.
They punch a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst.
what are the two types of phagocytic cells in the mammalian body.
The wolf, his coat glowing in the early spring sunshine, sat atop a cold boulder after unsuccessfully pursuing a plump jackrabbit. He continued to pant while __________.
his body heat evaporated into the rock
receiving heat by conduction from the sun
heat radiated from his tired body
heat escaped his open mouth by conduction
heat evaporated away on the gentle breeze
what is heat radiated from his tired body.
Which is an accurate statement regarding the difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones?
Steroid hormones are produced by endocrine glands; nonsteroid hormones are produced by nervous tissue.
Steroid hormones are made from lipids; nonsteroid hormones are made from one or more amino acids.
Nonsteroid hormones attach to receptors in the cytoplasm; steroid hormones attach to membrane-bound receptors.
Nonsteroid hormones can pass through cell membranes; most steroid hormones cannot.
Steroid hormones inactivate genes; nonsteroid hormones directly activate genes.
what is Steroid hormones are made from lipids; nonsteroid hormones are made from one or more amino acids.
The lungs consist of many small air sacs and blood vessels, which greatly increase surface area and improve the transfer of substances through their walls. The structures in the digestive system most similar in function to these air sacs and capillaries are the __________.
sphincters
esophagus
gastric glands
gastric pits
villi and microvilli
what is villi and microvilli
Blood leaves the inferior vena cava and flows directly into the __________.
left atrium
pulmonary artery
superior vena cava
lungs
right atrium
Question 12:Which type of cell is responsible for causing apoptosis in cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
natural killer cells
helper T cells
dendritic cells
plasma cells
What are natural killer cells
Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that __________.
produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism
causes an effector to signal the control center of an organism, which creates the stimulus to make a response
counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop
increases the speed and rapidity of negative responses
promotes decreases, rather than increases, in metabolism
what is counteracts a change in a condition by causing the change to either moderate or stop
Hormones __________.
are distributed by the bloodstream
act only on cells with receptors specific to that hormone
are relatively slow-acting
are chemical signals broadcast throughout the body
All of the listed responses are correct.
What is all of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following is the actual absorptive surface within the lumen of the small intestine?
microvilli
villi
circular folds
lacteals
blood capillaries
what is microvilli?
Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates __________, and the "70" indicates __________.
pressure in the left ventricle … pressure in the right ventricle
pressure in the systemic system … pressure in the pulmonary system
arterial pressure … venous pressure
arterial pressure during heart contraction … arterial pressure during heart relaxation
pressure in the left ventricle … pressure in the left atrium
what is arterial pressure during heart contraction … arterial pressure during heart relaxation
An adaptive immune response is initiated by the presence of which molecules?
interferon
complement
antigen
histamine
antibody
An organism is to an albatross as a(n) __________ is to an intestine.
organ
tissue
cell
organ system
organism
what is an organ
Which of the following endocrine organs only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
posterior pituitary
thyroid
anterior pituitary
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
what is posterior pituitary
During some types of antibiotic treatments, patients often experience diarrhea because __________.
the bacterial flora of the large intestine that normally break down undigested organic material are killed by the antibiotics
antibiotics affect the hormones that control intestinal peristalsis
after intestinal bacteria have been killed, an unusually large amount of water is reabsorbed
antibiotics interfere with the vitamin absorption normally occurring within the large intestine
antibiotics are toxic to the colon's epithelium and to bacteria
what is the bacterial flora of the large intestine that normally break down undigested organic material are killed by the antibiotics
These return blood from capillaries to an atrium which passes blood to a ventricle.
what are veins.
Once you have been exposed to an antigen, you develop immunity against the same antigen because __________.
certain lymphocytes enable the rapid formation of the proper antibodies
antibodies against the disease are constantly circulating in your blood
antigens are altered so that the invaders can no longer attack your tissues
your innate defenses are strengthenedB cells are stimulated to quickly engulf invaders
what are certain lymphocytes enable the rapid formation of the proper antibodies