DNA Structure
Nucleotides connected into a polymer with the bases A, G, T, and C.
What is DNA?
The enzyme that catalyzes DNA synthesis.
What is DNA polymerase?
This strand of DNA is synthesized in a continuous segment.
What is the leading strand?
The hypothesis that explains that a particular stretch of DNA specifies an amino acid sequence.
Any permanent change in an organism's DNA.
What is a mutation?
The directionality or polarity of DNA.
What is 3' to 5'?
These attach to separated strands to prevent them from closing.
What are single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSBP's)?
This DNA strand is is synthesized away from the replication fork in small fragments.
What is the lagging strand?
The complete central dogma.
What is DNA -> transcription -> mRNA -> translation -> proteins?
Mutations resulting from one or a small number of base changes.
What are point mutations?
What is a double helix?
The enzyme that creates RNA primers for DNA polymerase to attach to.
What is primase?
The bubble that forms in both bacterial and eukaryotic DNA to begin synthesis.
What is the replication bubble, or the origin of replication?
The type of RNA responsible for taking the DNA information to the ribosome.
What is messenger RNA?
This kind of point mutation changes the codon that specifies an amino acid into a stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Parental strands separate, and each is a template for a new daughter strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
This enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands to separate them.
What is DNA helicase?
The small fragments that are used to create the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The three base code is known as this.
What is a codon?
Inversion, translocation, deletion and duplication are examples of this kind of mutation.
What are chromosome-level mutations?
Base pairs are connected by this type of bond.
What is a hydrogen bond?
This enzyme cuts and rejoins DNA downstream from DNA helicase to relieve the tension from unwinding DNA.
What is topoisomerase?
The direction DNA replication occurs.
What is 5' to 3'?
What are redundant, unambiguous, non-overlapping, nearly universal, and conservative?
When a mutation decreases fitness of an organism.
What are deleterious mutations?