Cell Structure and Function
What organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide
What molecule carries genetic information?
DNA
What process copies DNA?
DNA replication
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell Membrane
What molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
What do we call different forms of the same gene?
Alleles
What type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
What phase of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
Anaphase
Which organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins?
Golgi apparatus
In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is called what?
Homozygous
What process turns DNA into mRNA?
Transcription
What type of solution causes a cell to shrink?
Hypertonic
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
What is the probability of flipping heads on a coin twice in a row?
25% (1/4)
What process turns mRNA into a protein?
mRNA
What do enzymes lower?
Activation energy
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials?
Lysosomes
During which stage of cellular respiration is most ATP produced?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism?
One dominant and one recessive allele (example: Aa)
What three-base sequence on mRNA codes for an amino acid?
Codon
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose