Mitosis/Cell Cycle
consist of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins. Prevents DNA from being tangled
nucleosome
partner homologous chromosomes pair then separate and move into different nuclei
A pairs with _____ and G pairs with ______
T and C
Almost all of original functional genes were lost from _____ chromosome during evolution
Y
the centromeres of all the cell's chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle.
metaphase
nuclear division that produces two nuclei containing chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus
mitosis
the chromosomes are pulled completely apart and new nuclear envelopes form. The plasm membrane is separated by cytokinesis and two new cells are effectively formed.
Telophase 1
A base linked to a sugar and a phosphate
nucleotide
_____ receive X-linked genes from both parents
females
Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membrane may reform, cell divides (cytokinesis) to form two haploid daughter cells
Telophase 1
major period of growth, new organelles synthesized, high metabolic rate, typically longest
G1 phase
in organisms that reproduce sexually, chromosome number is reduced in half to produce eggs and sperm, then the original number is restored in the zygote
meiosis
phosphates and sugars are held together by these bonds between 3’ and 5’ carbons on adjacent sugar rings
Phosphodiester bonds
the heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype (blending of both traits)
marked by the abrupt separation of sister chromatids
anaphase
identical strands of DNA produced during S phase
sister chromatids
sister chromatids separate from each other and are distributed to two different nuclei
meiosis 2
bind to DNA at the origin of replication and break hydrogen bonds (zipper)
DNA helicases
the ability of one gene to have several effects on different characters
Pleiotropy
the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. The daughter cells that result from this process have identical genetic compositions.
cytokinesis
What are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle
M phase and Interphase
chromosomes condense and move towards the middle of the cell. The nuclear envelope degrades, which allows the microtubules originating from the centrioles on either side of the cell to attach to the kinetochores in the centromeres of each chromosome.
prophase 1
A and G are purines or pyrimidines?
purines
the heterozygote simultaneously expresses phenotypes of both homozygotes
Codominance
Spindle fibres from opposing centrosomes attach to chromosomes (at centromere) and align them along the cell equator
metaphase 2