Species Concepts & Speciation
Reproductive isolation is key for this most widely used species concept.
What is the biological species concept?
Relative small changes in the nucleotide sequence and expression of these genes (including duplication) can result in the relatively rapid evolution of new phenotypes.
What are homeotic genes?
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which belongs to this domain.
What is Domain Bacteria?
Flowering plants are called this.
What are angiosperms?
Animals in this phylum exhibit no symmetry and do not have true tissues.
What is the Phylum Porifera? (i.e., the sponges)
What is temporal isolation?
This theory posits how the first eukaryotic organisms likely evolved and is based on similarities between proteobacteria and mitochondria.
What is endosymbiotic theory?
Malaria, giardia, and sleeping sickness are all caused by heterotrophic protists, which are collectively called this.
What are protozoans?
Rather than needing water for fertilization, seed plants produce these "sperm packets," which can travel via wind or animals.
What is pollen?
Cartilagenous fishes, including sharks and rays, belong to this class.
What is Class Chondrichthyes?
This species concept may be most useful for classifying extinct fossil specimens.
What is the morphological species concept?
This mass extinction occurred ~252 million years ago and was caused by extensive volcanism.
What is the Permian-Triassic (P-T) mass extinction?
This domain includes halophiles, methanogens, and thermophiles.
What is Domain Archaea?
In the alternation of generations life cycle of many plants, this is the term given to a haploid plant that produces eggs and sperm.
What is the gametophyte?
Coral, jellyfish, and sea anemones belong to this phylum.
What is cnidaria?
The origin of multiple cichlid species from a single ancestor within a single Nicaraguan lake is an example of this.
What is sympatric speciation?
In contrast to gradualism, this describes an evolutionary pattern in which species change most as they arise from an ancestral species and then change relatively little for the rest of their existence.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
This is a group of photoautotrophic prokaryotes.
What is cyanobacteria?
Mosses belong to this division.
What is Bryophyta?
Along with arthropods, this phylum of worms undergoes ecdysis.
What is Phylum Nematoda?
What is vicariance?
These fossils formed by prokaryotic organisms 3.5 billion years ago provide the earliest evidence of life and photosynthesis.
What are stromatolites?
Botox is derived from the endotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, which belongs to this Domain.
What is Domain Bacteria?
Instead of seeds, ferns and mosses produce this.
What are spores?
This phylum includes snails, clams, octopus, and squid.
What is Phylum Mollusca?