BIO 112 Chapter 1-5

Concepts of Biology

100

Animals belong to this Domain

Eukarya

200

This structure represents the lowest level of hierarchical Organization

Molecules

300

This theme is the core theme of Biology

Evolution

400

Due to this process our current crops, livestock and pets are very different from their wild ancestors

Artificial selection

500

This molecule is responsible for heredity and for programming the activities in the cell

DNA

Chemistry of Life

100

This element is the most abundant element in the human body

Oxygen

200

These two components make up the nucleus of an atom

Protons and Neutrons

300

The second electron shell of an atom can at a maximum hold this many electrons

8

400

This bond is very strong and uses shared electrons

Covalent Bond

500

This type of ion is specifically abundant at low pH

H+

Macromolecules

100

This type of carbohydrate is very simple

Monosaccharide

200

This type of reaction merges two glucose molecules to maltose and produces water

Dehydration reaction

300

This type of molecule has 3 fatty acid tails

Fat molecule (triglyceride)

400

These chemical interactions are responsible for the formation of secondary structures in proteins

Hydrogen bonds

500

A peptide bond is formed by the reaction of these two functional group in amino acids

Carboxyl group and Amino group

The Cell

100

This type of cell is small, simple and lacks organelles

Prokaryotic cells

200

This structure encloses all types of cells

Plasma membranes

300

These structures found in a cell can break down food or broken organelles

Lysozymes

400

These structures are the main component of cilia and flagella

Microtubules

500

This organelle, composed of stacks of flattened membranous sacs, modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Golgi Apparatus

Cell Membrane + Transport

100

Found in bacteria, plants, and animal cells alike, this structure regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Plasma (cell) membrane

200

This molecule is the primary energy carrier in the cell

ATP

300

This type of solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell, causing water to rush in and the cell to lyse

hypotonic solution

400

This passive transport process involves the net movement of water down its concentration gradient

Osmosis

500

This cellular process is used to export bulky molecules, such as proteins or polysaccharides.

Exocytosis